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Synthesis, optimization, and multifunctional evaluation of amla-based novel biodegradable hydrogel

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Abstract

The utilization of biodegradable hydrogels based on natural polysaccharides in the agricultural and biomedical sectors is anticipated to be a growing field of interest. Due to increasing environmental pollution, the current global goal is to synthesize sustainable materials based on natural polysaccharides to conserve natural resources for the future. In this study, we synthesized an amla-based hydrogel, denoted as AL-g-poly(MAA), using the graft-free radical polymerization method. Methacrylic acid (MAA) was employed as the monomer, N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) served as the crosslinker, and ammonium persulfate (APS) acted as the initiator. The synthesized hydrogel, AL-g-poly(MAA), underwent optimization by adjusting seven parameters: initiator, solvent, time, monomer, power, pH, and crosslinker, to achieve the highest swelling percentage. The optimized values were as follows: solvent: 10 ml, time: 150 s, monomer: 0.039 mol/L, power: 60%, pH: 7, and crosslinker: 0.0648 mol/L. The cross-linking process was confirmed through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) techniques. The swelling behavior of the synthesized hydrogels was determined in saline solutions with varying ionic strengths and concentrations, revealing maximum swelling in solutions with lower ionic strengths and concentrations. Additionally, the density and porosity of the hydrogels were examined. The biodegradability of AL-g-poly(MAA) was tested through soil burial and vermicomposting experiments, demonstrating its significant potential for agriculture applications. Furthermore, both the backbone and the synthesized hydrogel were evaluated for antibacterial activity against four bacterial strains (Burkholderia gladioli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus), revealing strong potential as an antimicrobial agent and therefore having applications in the biomedical field. The mechanism underlying the inhibitory effect of synthesized AL-g-poly(MAA) hydrogel on bacterial cell membranes is also discussed.

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Acknowledgements

One of the authors (Vijay Kumar) acknowledges the financial support from the IIT Ropar Technology and Innovation Foundation for Agriculture and Water Technology Development Hub (AWaDH) (File Number: AWaDH-SpINe/IITRPR/2022/P10005/02).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Science, CT University, Ferozepur Road, Sidhwan Khurd, Punjab, 142024, India

    Kibrya Farooq & Vaneet Kumar

  2. Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Srinagar, 190006, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India

    Vijay Kumar

  3. Institute of Forensic Science & Criminology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India

    Vishal Sharma

  4. School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, 180006, India

    Madhulika Bhagat

  5. Department of Chemistry, DAV College, Sector-10, Chandigarh, 160011, India

    Kashma Sharma

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  1. Kibrya Farooq
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Contributions

KF was involved in conceptualization, methodology, experimental design, and writing the original draft. VK contributed to synthesis, characterization, writing, review, editing, project administration, and funding acquisition. VS assisted with supervision, data curation, writing, review, and editing. MB contributed to the results analysis and article revision. VK was involved in supervision, writing, review, and editing. KS played a role in supervision, conceptualization, methodology, writing, review, and editing.

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Correspondence to Vishal Sharma, Vaneet Kumar or Kashma Sharma.

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Farooq, K., Kumar, V., Sharma, V. et al. Synthesis, optimization, and multifunctional evaluation of amla-based novel biodegradable hydrogel. Polym. Bull. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-024-05216-x

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