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The engineered in situ silver nanocomposite as a surface protective coating with antimicrobial activity used in stony cultural heritage

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Abstract

The biodeterioration of cultural heritage monuments is a worldwide phenomenon, closely linked to the presence of microorganisms and macroorganisms. Microbial colonization leads to physical, chemical damage and esthetic changes. Synthetic polymers, particularly acrylics, are often used to consolidate and protect monuments and artistic stone surfaces. To increase acrylics performances regarding to durability and antimicrobials’ activity, nanoparticles (NPs) were added to polymers. In this study, silver NP was biosynthesized by Malva sylvestris aqueous extract. Furthermore, the in situ method was used for nanocomposite synthesis, which would be simplified the procedure of synthesis. For this, the precursors including the plant aqueous extract, AgNO3 solution and polymer were mixed, and nanocomposite was formed. The morphological characteristics of the obtained nanocomposite were determined using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) confirmed AgNPs existence in the composite. Next, the nanocomposite’s antibacterial properties were tested on Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Aspergillus niger, and Alternaria alternata. The antibacterial activity of bioengineered nanocomposite compared to acrylic polymer, alone. The results of antimicrobial experiments have shown that the number of bacterial and fungal cells was decreased by 1 logarithm in the polymer, and by 2 to 4 logarithms in the nanocomposite that the antimicrobial effect of latter was notably increased. This study was based on applying this nanocomposite to improve conservation strategies for stony cultural heritage. Further experiments should be performed to evaluate the efficacy of this nanocomposite on outdoor stony model.

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Acknowledgements

This study was financially supported by the office of vice chancellor for research of Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.

Funding

Funding was provided by the Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research of Alzahra University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran

    Mandana Lak & Parisa Mohammadi

  2. Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran

    Parisa Mohammadi

  3. Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran

    Parinaz Ghadam

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  1. Mandana Lak
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  2. Parisa Mohammadi
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  3. Parinaz Ghadam
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Contributions

Conceptualization and research goal were done by PM and PG. Acquisition of data and analysis of data were carried out by ML. The interpretation of data was implemented by ML, PM and PG. ML prepared the draft of the manuscript. The revision of the manuscript was done by PM and PG. The supervision of the study was performed by PM. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Parisa Mohammadi or Parinaz Ghadam.

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Lak, M., Mohammadi, P. & Ghadam, P. The engineered in situ silver nanocomposite as a surface protective coating with antimicrobial activity used in stony cultural heritage. Polym. Bull. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-024-05156-6

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