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Effect of oxidized, maleate and dual chemical modification through extrusion on thermoplastic starch properties

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Abstract

Global growing concern on plastics disposal and their environmental impact has impulsed the development of lower impact biodegradable plastics, however their functional properties and processability are still limited. In this study, thermoplastic starch (TPS) was synthetized through reactive extrusion (REX) to obtain single oxidized thermoplastic (O-TPS) and single maleated thermoplastic (MA-TPS), as well as, dual (oxidized-maleated thermoplastic (O-MA-TPS) modified starches aiming to incorporate new functionalities, diminish the viscosity and improve TPS processability. Spectroscopic analysis showed different band intensities as a result of TPS modification. TPS presented B-type and V-type crystal structures. O-MA-TPS showed the lowest percentage of crystallinity and complex viscosity values compared to single modified TPS because the combination of modifications. The specific mechanical energy decreased with respect to chemical modifications of starch (TPS > O-TPS > MA-TPS > O-MA-TPS), which were associated with the diminishing of viscosity resulting from the modification and starch-glycerol interactions. These starches can be incorporated into mixtures with other plastic polymers, by allowing better mixing (minor viscosity difference) and the replacement of a greater amount of plastic with TPS or in applications where a TPS with lower viscosity and easier processability is required.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to the support of CONACYT (Mexico) for giving financial support to this work through the FOMIX projects TLAX-2018-01-01-43129, FORDECYT 296356 and Laboratorio Nacional de Materiales Grafenicos and Laboratorio Nacional de Innovación y Desarrollo de Materiales Ligeros para la Industria Automotriz. The technical support of Jesús Alfonso Mercado Silva, Roberto Yañez Macías, Myrna Salinas Hernández, Guadalupe Méndez Padilla, Myriam Lozano Estrada and Adán Herrera Guerrero.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada (CIQA), Blvd. Ing. Enrique Reyna H. No. 140, 25294, Saltillo, Coahuila, México

    Edith Gutierrez-Montiel, Carlos Alberto Ávila-Orta, Carlos Andrés Covarrubias-Gordillo, Pamela Yajaira Reyes-Rodríguez, Jesús Gilberto Rodríguez-Velázquez & Judith Nazareth Cabello-Romero

  2. Área Académica de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Carretera Pachuca – Tulancingo km 4.5, 42184, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, México

    Zaira Esmeralda Cabrera-Canales

  3. Investigador por México, CONACYT, Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada (CIQA), Blvd. Ing. Enrique Reyna H. No. 140, 25294, Saltillo, Coahuila, México

    Heidi Andrea Fonseca-Florido

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  1. Edith Gutierrez-Montiel
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  2. Carlos Alberto Ávila-Orta
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  8. Heidi Andrea Fonseca-Florido
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Methodology, investigation, data curation by EG-M; resources by CAÁ-O; writing – review and editing by ZEC-C, PYR-R and CACG; methodology, validation, investigation, data curation by JGR-V and JC-R; conceptualization, methodology, validation, investigation, data curation, writing – original draft, writing – review and editing, visualization, supervision by HAF-F. The first draft of the manuscript was written by HAF-F and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Heidi Andrea Fonseca-Florido.

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Gutierrez-Montiel, E., Ávila-Orta, C.A., Cabrera-Canales, Z.E. et al. Effect of oxidized, maleate and dual chemical modification through extrusion on thermoplastic starch properties. Polym. Bull. 81, 2525–2544 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-023-04857-8

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