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Quantifying amines in polymers by XPS

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Abstract

A method to identify and quantify amines in polymers by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy using the energetic distribution of N1s atomic orbitals is presented in this work. The N orbital energetic states were obtained and associated with the atomic chemical states of amines through their formation energy. Pyrrole and allylamine plasma polymers were used as test polymers of this method because they potentially have primary, secondary and tertiary amines in their structure; although, additional unsaturated and oxidized amines were also found in the test polymers as a function of the synthesis power. The participation percentages of amines obtained with this method indicated that secondary amines had the greatest participation in the polymers followed by unsaturated and tertiary amines. The lowest participation belonged to primary amines or to the oxidized amines found during the analyses. This method is new and can be applied to other materials in solid state, not only to polymers, with enough stability to resist the X-ray beams of the XPS spectrometers.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Rafael Basurto for his support in the XPS analyses.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Física, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Carretera México-Toluca km 36.5, CP 52750, Ocoyoacac, EdMx, Mexico

    M. Guadalupe Olayo & Guillermo J. Cruz

  2. Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica, Posgrado en Ingeniería Biomédica, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Av. Michoacán y Purísima, CP 09340, Col. Vicentina-Iztapalapa, CdMx, Mexico

    E. Jocelyn Alvarado

  3. División de Ingeniería Industrial, Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Tianguistenco, Carretera Tenango - La Marquesa, Km 22, CP 52650, Tianguistenco, EdMx, Mexico

    Maribel González-Torres

  4. Universidad Politécnica de Otzolotepec, Col. Dos Caminos, CP 52080, Otzolotepec, EdMx, Mexico

    Lidia M. Gómez

Authors
  1. M. Guadalupe Olayo
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  2. E. Jocelyn Alvarado
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  3. Maribel González-Torres
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  4. Lidia M. Gómez
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  5. Guillermo J. Cruz
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Correspondence to Guillermo J. Cruz.

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Olayo, M.G., Alvarado, E.J., González-Torres, M. et al. Quantifying amines in polymers by XPS. Polym. Bull. 81, 2319–2328 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-023-04829-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-023-04829-y

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