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Green synthesized guar plant composites for wastewater remediation: a comprehensive review

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Abstract

The human population has massively increased throughout the world. This has created various serious challenges, especially water pollution issues. Heavy metals, dyes, textile industries, microorganisms, organic and chemical pollutants can be included as main sources of water pollution. There are various methods for contaminant disposal. In this regard, the adsorption technique can be considered the most common method. In this technique, alum and polyaluminum chloride are widely used chemicals. However, they have harmful side effects on the environment, due to their chemical nature. One of the best solutions to overcome this issue is the use of natural materials and polysaccharides, which are abundant materials, biocompatible, biodegradable, non-toxic and functional groups with low processing costs. These materials include Guar Gum (GG), derivatives such as Al2O3 (GG-AO), GG nanocomposites, acrylic gum-based hydrogels, GG-hydrogel, gum nano-hydrogels, magnetic nano-GG, agaric GG, itaconic (Aldehyde GG), Galacyl-Hydrazine modified GG (GG-GH), depolymerized GG (oxidized GG), Guar-Graft Poly(Methylacrylate) (GG-g PMA), poly(acrylamide) GG-silica nanocomposites, GG Sulphonic Acid (g-GG/SiO2), GG Nitrilotriacetic Acid (GNTA) resin, etc. Different factors such as pH, adsorbent amount and contact retention time have significant impacts on adsorbent efficiency. Various studies have reported that pH values of 4–8 resulted in efficiency higher than 90%. The concentration of the adsorbent and the contact time are varied, depending on the type of the considered derivative. The use of GG and its derivatives can be an effective strategy to greatly reduce the cost of water treatment. In addition to being cost-effective, the proposed strategy is biocompatible and eco-friendly.

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Data availability

All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.

Abbreviations

GG:

Guar Gum

AGG:

Aldehyde Guar Gum

GG-GH:

Guar Gum-Glycyl Hydrazine

GNTA:

Guar Gum Nitrilotriacetic Acid

GSA:

Guar Gum Sulphonic Acid

g-GG/SiO2 :

Guar Gum-graft-poly(acrylamide)/silica

GG-g PMA:

guar-graft poly(methylacrylate)

POPs:

Persistent Organic Pollutants

PAC:

Poly-Aluminum Chloride

GRAS:

Generally Recognized As Safe

GG-g-poly(Am-co-AA):

Guar Gum ground poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)

CGG:

Cationic Guar Gum

IA:

Itaconic Acid

GG-g-IA:

Guar Gum ground Itaconic Acid

BOD:

Biochemical Oxygen Demand

MOF:

Metal Organic Materials

COFs:

Covalent Organic Frameworks

CMPs:

Conjugated Microporous Polymers

HCPs:

Hyper-Crosslinked Polymers

HMPs:

Hybrid Microporous Polymers

GG/AO:

Guar Gum/Al2O3

ColGG:

Hydrogels from collagen and Guar Gum

cat-GG/SiO2 :

Cationically Guar Gum/SiO2

N,N-MBAAm:

N,N'-Methylenebisacrylamide

TGA:

Thermal Gravimetric Analysis

CR:

Congo Red

RB 4:

Reactive Blue 4

MG:

Malachite Green

PIE:

Paint Industry effulent

AgNPs:

Silver noparticles

MB:

Methylene Blue

GG-cl:

Guar Gum-cl

CPs:

Conducting Polymers

PANI:

Polyaniline

E. coli:

Escherichia coli

S. aureus:

Staphylococcus aureus

GG-crosslinked-SY NHS:

Guar Gum-crosslinked-Soya lecithin Nanohydrogel Sheets

TOCN/CGG:

TEMPO-Oxidized Cellulose Nanofibers (TOCN)/Cationic Guar Gum

semi-IPN:

Semi-Interpenetrating Networks

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Acknowledgment

Thanks are owed to Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture & Natural Resources, Ardakan University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran

    Mahrokh Jalili

  2. Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Ardakan University, P.O. Box 184, Ardakan, Iran

    Heidar Meftahizade

  3. Student Research Committee, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran

    Atena Golafshan

  4. Department of Arid Land and Desert Management, Natural Resources Faculty, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran

    Elahe Zamani

  5. Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey

    Elahe Zamani

  6. Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran

    Mohammad Zamani

  7. Master of Analytical Chemistry, Baspar Payesh Pars, Iran, Mashhad, Iran

    Narjes Behzadi Moghaddam

  8. Department of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak, 38156-8-8349, Iran

    Mansour Ghorbanpour

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Jalili, M., Meftahizade, H., Golafshan, A. et al. Green synthesized guar plant composites for wastewater remediation: a comprehensive review. Polym. Bull. 81, 247–273 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-023-04758-w

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