Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Shape memory epoxy resin and its composite with good shape memory performance and high mechanical strength

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Polymer Bulletin Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Shape memory polymer composites (SMPC) can find their use as deployable structure devices for aerospace applications due to lightweight, low cost, durable, and functionality. In this work, a binary shape memory epoxy resin (SMEP) system was designed using hydrogenated bisphenol A-type epoxy resin (AL-3040) and diglycidyl-4,5-epoxycyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate epoxy resin (TDE-86). Further, the binary resin system was applied as prepreg for carbon fiber reinforced shape memory composite with vacuum bag degassing molding process. It is found that the glass transition temperature (Tg), tensile strength and Young’s modulus of SMEPs were notably increased with increasing TDE-86 content, whereas the impact strength was decreased. The SMEP exhibited good shape memory performance with a shape fixity ratio > 97.1% and a shape recovery ratio > 98.4% after 30 cycles. The whole shape recovery process of SMEP can be completed within 45 s. Compared to neat SMEP, the SMPC showed excellent mechanical properties at both ambient temperature and low temperature. The tensile strength and tensile modulus of SMPC at ambient temporary were as high as 626 MPa and 38 GPa, which were 10 times and 30 times higher than that of SMEP, respectively. Furthermore, the shape memory tests showed that the shape fixity ratio and the recovery ratio of SMPC were both over 95% after 30 cycles. With a higher recovery force provided by carbon fibers, the shape memory process was shortened to 29 s. It seems that the SMPC in this work is quite promising for aerospace applications, such as hinges, deployable panels, and morphing wings.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Li Z, Hu J, Ma L, Liu H (2019) High glass transition temperature shape-memory materials: hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane-modified cyanate ester. J Appl Polym Sci 137(18):48641. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.48641

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Du J, Liu D, Zhang Z, Yao X, Wan D, Pu H, Lu Z (2017) Dual-responsive triple-shape memory polyolefin elastomer/stearic acid composite. Polymer 126:206–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2017.08.039

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Bai Y, Liu J, Ju J, Chen X (2021) Novel near-infrared light-induced triple-shape memory composite based on poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) and Iron Tannate. ACS Appl Mater Inter 13(19):23011–23019. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c05166

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Ge F, Lu X, Xiang J, Tong X, Zhao Y (2017) An optical actuator based on gold-nanoparticle-containing temperature-memory semicrystalline polymers. Angew Chem Int Edit 56(22):6126–6130. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201612164

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Wang K, Zhu G, Yan X, Ren F, Cui X (2016) Electroactive shape memory cyanate/polybutadiene epoxy composites filled with carbon black. Chin J Polym Sci 34(4):466–474. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10118-016-1766-8

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Raja M, Ryu SH, Shanmugharaj AM (2013) Thermal, mechanical and electroactive shape memory properties of polyurethane (pu)/poly (lactic acid) (PLA)/CNT nanocomposites. Eur Polym J 49(11):3492–3500. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.08.009

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Lee S-H, Jung J-H, Oh I-K (2014) 3d networked graphene-ferromagnetic hybrids for fast shape memory polymers with enhanced mechanical stiffness and thermal conductivity. Small 10(19):3880–3886. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201400624

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Song Q, Chen H, Zhou S, Zhao K, Wang B, Hu P (2016) Thermo- and PH-sensitive shape memory polyurethane containing carboxyl groups. Polym Chem 7(9):1739–1746. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5py02010g

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Basak S, Bandyopadhyay A (2021) Solvent responsive shape memory polymers- evolution, current status, and future outlook. Macromol Chem Phys 222(19):2100195. https://doi.org/10.1002/macp.202100195

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Jape S, Garza M, Ruff J, Espinal F, Sessions D, Huff G, Lagoudas DC, PerazaA, Hartl DJ HE (2020) Self-foldable origami reflector antenna enabled by shape memory polymer actuation. Smart Mater Struct 29(11):115011. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/abaac2

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Xue L, Dai S, Li Z (2010) Biodegradable shape-memory block co-polymers for fast self-expandable stents. Biomaterials 31(32):8132–8140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.07.043

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Pringpromsuk S, Xia H, Ni Q-Q (2020) Multifunctional stimuli-responsive shape memory polyurethane gels for soft actuators. Sensor Actuat A-Phys 313:112207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2020.112207

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Walczak J, Chrzanowski M, Krucińska I (2017) Research on a nonwoven fabric made from multi-block biodegradable copolymer based on L-Lactide, glycolide, and trimethylene carbonate with shape memory. Molecules 22(8):1325. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22081325

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Yang T, Wang M, Jia F, Ren X, Gao G (2020) Thermo-responsive shape memory sensors based on tough, remolding and anti-freezing hydrogels. J Mater Chem C 8(7):2326–2335. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9tc05804d

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Luo L, Zhang F, Leng J (2021) Multi-performance shape memory epoxy resins and their composites with narrow transition temperature range. Compos Sci Technol 213:108899. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2021.108899

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Fabrizio Q, Loredana S, Anna SE (2012) Shape memory epoxy foams for space applications. Mater Lett 69:20–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2011.11.050

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Rao K, Ananthapadmanabha G, Dayananda G (2016) Effect of cross-linking density on creep and recovery behavior in epoxy-based shape memory polymers (SMEPs) for structural applications. J Mater Eng Perform 25(12):5314–5322. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-016-2409-5

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Park J, Park SY, Lee D, Song YS (2020) Shape memory polymer composites embedded with hybrid ceramic microparticles. Smart Mater Struct 29(5):055037. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/ab5e53

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Jerald Maria Antony G, Aruna ST, Raja S (2018) Enhanced mechanical properties of acrylate based shape memory polymer using grafted hydroxyapatite. J Polym Res 25(5):120. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-018-1511-9

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Wang Z, Liu J, Guo J, Sun X, Xu L (2017) The study of thermal, mechanical and shape memory properties of chopped carbon fiber-reinforced TPI shape memory polymer composites. Polymers 9(11):594. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym9110594

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Zeng H, Leng J, Gu J, Sun H (2020) Modeling the thermomechanical behaviors of short fiber reinforced shape memory polymer composites. Int J Mech Sci 166:105212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2019.105212

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Li F, Scarpa F, Lan X, Liu L, Liu Y, Leng J (2019) Bending shape recovery of unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced epoxy-based shape memory polymer composites. Compos Part A-Appl Sci 116:169–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2018.10.037

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Sultan MTH, Worden K, Pierce SG, Hickey D, Staszewski WJ, Dulieu-Barton JM, Hodzic A (2011) On impact damage detection and quantification for CFRP laminates using Structural Response Data only. Mech Syst Signal PR 25(8):3135–3152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2011.05.014

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Jesuarockiam N, Jawaid M, Zainudin ES, Sultan TH, M, Yahaya R. (2019) Enhanced thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of synthetic/natural hybrid composites with graphene nanoplateletes. Polymers 11(7):1085. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11071085

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Sultan M, Worden K, Staszewski WJ, Pierce SG, Hodzic A (2009) Impact damage detection and quantification in CFRP laminates; a precursor to machine learning. In: 7th International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring, vol 2, pp 1528–1537

  26. Dao TD, Ha NS, Goo NS, Yu W-R (2017) Design, fabrication, and bending test of shape memory polymer composite hinges for space deployable structures. J Intel Mat Syst Str 29(8):1560–1574. https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389x17742728

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Wei K, Ma B, Wang H, Li N (2015) Effect of a TETRA functional epoxy monomer on the thermomechanical properties of shape-memory epoxy resin. Fiber Polym 16(11):2343–2348. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-015-5405-8

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the China Academy of Space Technology Innovation fund (2017ZY601026).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Materials Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People’s Republic of China

    Zhihua Li & Yu Yang

  2. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People’s Republic of China

    Zhihua Li & Yu Yang

  3. China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing, 10080, People’s Republic of China

    Li Ma, Hongxin Liu & Xin Zhang

Authors
  1. Zhihua Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yu Yang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Li Ma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Hongxin Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Xin Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Zhihua Li.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no competing financial interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Li, Z., Yang, Y., Ma, L. et al. Shape memory epoxy resin and its composite with good shape memory performance and high mechanical strength. Polym. Bull. 80, 1641–1655 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-022-04140-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-022-04140-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation