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Characteristics of glucose oxidase immobilized on carbon-encapsulated iron nanoparticles decorated with polyethyleneimine

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Abstract

This study aimed to conjugate glucose oxidase (GOX) with carbon-encapsulated iron nanoparticles (Fe@C) which were functionalized with carboxylic groups and decorated with branched polyethyleneimine (PEI), in order to yield Fe@C-NH-PEI-GOX and Fe@C-(CH2)2-CONH-PEI-GOX derivatives. The process of electrostatic attachment of the GOX enzyme on the Fe@C-NH-PEI and Fe@C-(CH2)2CONH-PEI constructs was optimized, and the amount of enzyme attached on the constructs was also estimated. The steady-state kinetics of β-D-glucose oxidation by molecular oxygen, a reaction catalyzed by GOX, were compared using a native GOX enzyme obtained from Aspergillus niger and nanoparticles-conjugated GOX. The Fe@C-NH-PEI-GOX and Fe@C-(CH2)2-CONH-PEI-GOX constructs were formed by electrostatic interaction between positively charged Fe@C-NH-PEI and Fe@C-(CH2)2-CONH-PEI and negatively charged GOX in water media at pH 6. The activity of the immobilized enzyme on Fe@C-NH-PEI-GOX and Fe@C-(CH2)2-CONH-PEI-GOX derivatives was preserved, with Km values of 3271 and 1605 µM, respectively. However, the catalytic activity of Fe@C-NH-PEI-GOX and Fe@C-(CH2)2-CONH-PEI-GOX was reduced up to 20- and tenfold in comparison to that of the free GOX enzyme. The results of the study suggest that PEI is a promising cationic polymer with a high loading capacity and that the use of a simple adsorption process for preparing Fe@C-NH-PEI-GOX and Fe@C-(CH2)2-CONH-PEI-GOX conjugates is a highly efficient approach for stable immobilization of GOX enzyme on carbon-encapsulated iron nanoparticles.

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by GEMNS project funded by the European Union’s Seventh Framework Program under ERA NET EuroNanoMed II European Innovative Research and Technological Development Projects in Nanomedicine (NCBR Funding No. 08/09/10/ EuroNanoMed/2015). A part of this work was also supported by TEPCAN project funded by the Program "Applied research" under the Norwegian Financial Mechanisms 2014 – 2021/POLNOR 2019 (EEA and Norway Grants), Thematic areas: Welfare, health and care (NCBR Funding No. NOR/POLNOR/TEPCAN/0057/2019-00).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Applied Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 Str., 02-097, Warsaw, Poland

    Magdalena Bamburowicz-Klimkowska & Ireneusz P. Grudzinski

  2. Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3 Str., 00-664, Warsaw, Poland

    Artur Kasprzak & Magdalena Poplawska

  3. Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, L. Pasteura 1 Str., 02-093, Warsaw, Poland

    Michal Bystrzejewski

  4. Center for Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101 Str., 02-089, Warsaw, Poland

    Kamil Sobczak

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  1. Magdalena Bamburowicz-Klimkowska
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Correspondence to Magdalena Bamburowicz-Klimkowska.

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Bamburowicz-Klimkowska, M., Kasprzak, A., Bystrzejewski, M. et al. Characteristics of glucose oxidase immobilized on carbon-encapsulated iron nanoparticles decorated with polyethyleneimine. Polym. Bull. 80, 1565–1586 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-022-04125-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-022-04125-1

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