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Study on the synthesis, properties, and efficiency of two new superparamagnetic nanocomposites of poly(m-aminobenzenesulfonic acid) and TiO2 in P–N junction hybrid solar cells

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Abstract

In this article, novel nanocomposites of poly(3- or m-aminobenzenesulfonic acid) and TiO2 were synthesized by very simple in-situ polymerization of monomer (m-ABS) by FeCl3.6H2O as an oxidant and TiO2 particles as inorganic phase under solid-state condition. The combination of N-type TiO2 and P-type PABS led to the preparation of two new P–N junction type nanocomposites. The polymer-hybrid solar cells were fabricated using the nanocomposites as FTO/TiO2/NCPABS-TiO2/Al and under simulated solar irradiation demonstrated power conversion efficiencies (PCE, η) about 1%. The other advantages of this work were fewer fabrication costs, ease-of-processing, green synthesis condition, a simple structure of the solar cell (single layer), and the high stability of the resulted cells. The synthesized nanocomposites (NCPABS-TiO2-1 and 2) were characterized by FT-IR, UV–vis, VSM, XRD, CV, TGA, and CHNS analysis. The electrical properties and conductivity of the nanocomposites were shown that are electro-active and semi-conductive. The morphology of the compounds was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) that revealed core–shell and nanosheet morphologies, respectively. Also, the effect of core–shell and nanosheet morphology, the presence of -SO3H group, and TiO2 enhancer phase as a separate hole transition layer in solar cell and as an inorganic phase in nanocomposite matrix (active layer) on the power conversion efficiency of hybrid solar cells was investigated. Indeed, it is shown even a small amount of magnetic (nano)material [FeCl2, FeCl3, and/or high spin Fe (ii, iii) complexes] can increase the efficiency of the cell due to conversion of photogenerated state from spin singlet to triplet.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the financial support of Iran National Science Foundation (INSF) (project number: 98014232) and grant from the Graduate Council of University of Sistan and Baluchestan.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Organic and Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran

    Sahar Shabzendedar, Amirreza Kheirkhah, Ali Reza Modarresi-Alam & Fatemeh Sadegh

  2. Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran

    Abdolhamid Bahrpeyma

  3. Renewable Energies Research Institute, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran

    Ali Reza Modarresi-Alam

Authors
  1. Sahar Shabzendedar
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  2. Abdolhamid Bahrpeyma
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  3. Amirreza Kheirkhah
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  4. Ali Reza Modarresi-Alam
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  5. Fatemeh Sadegh
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Contributions

AB: Advisor, Data curation, Validation, Writing—review, and editing. SS: Post-doc researcher, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing—original draft. ARM-A: Supervisor, Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Data curation, Writing original draft and review and editing. ARK: Data curation, Investigation, Methodology. Fatemeh Sadegh: Data curation, Investigation, Methodology.

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Correspondence to Ali Reza Modarresi-Alam.

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Shabzendedar, S., Bahrpeyma, A., Kheirkhah, A. et al. Study on the synthesis, properties, and efficiency of two new superparamagnetic nanocomposites of poly(m-aminobenzenesulfonic acid) and TiO2 in P–N junction hybrid solar cells. Polym. Bull. 79, 3395–3418 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-021-03986-2

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