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Nanocarbons-Supported and Polymers-Supported Titanium Dioxide Nanostructures as Efficient Photocatalysts for Remediation of Contaminated Wastewater and Hydrogen Production

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Nanophotocatalysis and Environmental Applications

Part of the book series: Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World ((ECSW,volume 30))

Abstract

Organic contaminants (textile dyes, pesticides) in industrial wastewater have adverse effects on the environment and human health. Such environmental pollutants are resistant in the environment and are difficult to completely remove through treatment techniques. Therefore, titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanostructure-based photocatalytic processes have received much attention due to their environmentally green nature with high efficiency for complete photodegradation of organic pollutants to produce safe and clean water.

In this chapter, zero-dimensional to three-dimensional TiO2 nanostructures functionalized with various polymeric and nanocarbon hybrid materials are discussed as low-cost, nontoxic, and highly efficient photocatalytic materials for photodegradation of chemical pollutants, in comparison with pristine TiO2, through expansion of the visible light photoresponse and regulation of the bandgap properties of TiO2. Various chemical synthesis methods, surface modifications with various polymers and nanostructured carbons, compositions, morphological structures, growth mechanisms, physicochemical properties, electronic and optical characteristics, and photocatalytic mechanisms (e.g., reactive oxygen species generation) of various heterostructured TiO2-based photocatalysts are discussed in terms of their prospects and future challenges in the fields of photocatalytic environmental remediation and hydrogen generation.

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Abbreviations

λ:

Wavelength (nm)

λmax :

Specific wavelength maximum (nm)

1D:

One-dimensional

2,4-D:

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

2-CP:

2-Chlorophenol

A:

Absorbance

AC:

Activated carbon

ALD:

Atomic layer deposition

APS:

Ammonium persulfate

B:

Path length of sample (m)

BPA:

Bisphenol A

C:

Concentration (mol/m3)

C0 :

Initial concentration (mol/m3)

CB:

Conduction band

CEPDA:

Electrophoretic deposition–anodization

CFL:

Compact fluorescent lamp

CNT:

Carbon nanotube

COD:

Chemical oxygen demand

CVD:

Chemical vapor deposition

DSC:

Digital scanning calorimeter

Ε:

Molar absorptivity (m2/mol)

e− :

Electron

Eg :

Bandgap energy

FE-SEM:

Field emission scanning electron microscopy

FTIR:

Fourier transform infrared

G:

Graphene

GO:

Graphene oxide

Η:

Degree of photocatalytic degradation

h+ :

Hole

HOMO:

Highest occupied molecular orbital

hv:

Photon energy

K:

Rate constant (min−1)

LED:

Light-emitting diode

LUMO:

Lowest unoccupied molecular orbital

MB:

Methylene blue

MO:

Methyl orange

MWCNT:

Multiwalled carbon nanotube

P(3HB-co-3HHx):

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate)

PAA:

Poly(acrylic acid)

PANI:

Polyaniline

PC:

Polycarbonate

PE:

Polythene

PET:

Poly(ethylene terephthalate)

PMMA:

Poly(methyl methacrylate)

PP:

Polypropylene

PPF:

Polypropylene fabric

PPy:

Polypyrrole

PS:

Polystyrene

PSP4VP:

Poly(styrene)-co-poly(4-vinylpyridine)

PTh:

Polythiophene

PVA:

Poly(vinyl alcohol)

PVAc:

Polyvinyl acetate

PVC:

Polyvinyl chloride

PVDF:

Poly(vinylidene difluoride)

R:

Relative concentration

rGO:

Reduced graphene oxide

RhB:

Rhodamine B

SC:

Semiconductor

SDS:

Sodium dodecyl sulfate

SWCNT:

Single-walled carbon nanotube

T:

Time (min)

T:

Transmittance

Tc:

Crystallization temperature (K)

TCP:

Transformer-coupled plasma

TEM:

Transmission electron microscopy

Tg:

Glass transition temperature (°C)

TGA:

Thermogravimetric analyzer

UV:

Ultraviolet

UV-Vis:

Ultraviolet–visible

VB:

Valence band

XRD:

X-ray diffraction

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia

    Kakarla Raghava Reddy

  2. Department of Basic Sciences, School of Engineering and Technology, JAIN Deemed-to-be University, Bangalore, Karnataka, India

    M. S. Jyothi, A. V. Raghu & S. Naveen

  3. School of Physical Sciences, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India

    V. Sadhu

  4. Soniya College of Pharmacy, Dharwad, Karnataka, India

    Tejraj M. Aminabhavi

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  1. Kakarla Raghava Reddy
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  2. M. S. Jyothi
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  3. A. V. Raghu
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  4. V. Sadhu
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  5. S. Naveen
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  6. Tejraj M. Aminabhavi
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  1. Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Inamuddin

  2. Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Abdullah M. Asiri

  3. CEREGE, CNRS, IRD, INRA, Coll France, Aix-Marseille University, Aix-en-Provence, France

    Eric Lichtfouse

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Reddy, K.R., Jyothi, M.S., Raghu, A.V., Sadhu, V., Naveen, S., Aminabhavi, T.M. (2020). Nanocarbons-Supported and Polymers-Supported Titanium Dioxide Nanostructures as Efficient Photocatalysts for Remediation of Contaminated Wastewater and Hydrogen Production. In: Inamuddin, Asiri, A., Lichtfouse, E. (eds) Nanophotocatalysis and Environmental Applications . Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World, vol 30. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12619-3_6

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