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Reinforced epoxy-based laminates containing agro-industrial waste fiber from peach palm tree: effect of the matrix modification

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Abstract

The use of natural fibers originated from agricultural waste in polymer composites is considered promising ecological, economical and societal solutions for the waste disposal problem. The present work investigates the effect of the modification of epoxy resin (ER) on the mechanical, dynamic-mechanical and water absorption properties of raw peach palm fiber (PPF) reinforced laminates. Liquid polybutadiene functionalized with isocyanate (PBNCO) and a commercial polyol-based isocyanate pre-polymer (E29) were used to modify the epoxy matrix, resulting in ER@PBNCO and ER@E29 thermosetting materials, respectively, after the curing process with isophorone-diamine. Composites prepared with modified ER matrices displayed outstanding flexural properties, better impact resistance and higher glass transition temperature. Moreover, superior reinforcing effect, obtained from dynamic-mechanical properties, was observed for ER@PBNCO/PPF and ER@E29/PPF composites. The best response in terms of impact resistance and water uptake was achieved with ER@PBNCO matrix, due to the toughening effect of polybutadiene itself and its hydrophobic nature. The creep resistance and strain recovery of both neat matrices and the corresponding composites were also evaluated using dynamic-mechanical equipment. The modified ER networks presented the highest creep resistance and better strain recovery.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

This work was sponsored by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brasil (CAPES) Finance Code 001, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico – CNPq (Grant number 303457/2013-9) and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro – FAPERJ (grant number E-26/202.830/2017).

Funding

This work was sponsored in part by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brasil (CAPES) – Finance code 001; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico – CNPq (Grant number 303457/2013–9), and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro – FAPERJ (Grant number E-26/202.830/2017).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Macromoléculas, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-598, Brazil

    Juliana M. Farias da Silva & Bluma G. Soares

  2. PEMM-COPPE, Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-972, Brazil

    Jéssica P. Soares da Silva & Bluma G. Soares

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  1. Juliana M. Farias da Silva
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  2. Jéssica P. Soares da Silva
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  3. Bluma G. Soares
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Contributions

Conceptualization: [Bluma Guenther Soares, Juliana Farias da Silva]; Methodology: [Juliana M. Farias da Silva, Jéssica P. Soares da Silva] Formal analysis and investigation: [Juliana M. Farias da Silva, Jéssica P. Soares da Silva]; Writing—original draft preparation: [Juliana M. Farias da Silva]; Writing—review and editing: [Bluma Guenther Soares]; Funding acquisition: [Bluma Guenther Soares]; Resources: [Bluma Guenther Soares]; Supervision: [Bluma Guenther Soares].

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Correspondence to Bluma G. Soares.

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da Silva, J.M.F., da Silva, J.P.S. & Soares, B.G. Reinforced epoxy-based laminates containing agro-industrial waste fiber from peach palm tree: effect of the matrix modification. Polym. Bull. 79, 7679–7696 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-021-03869-6

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