Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Facile synthesis of three-dimensional porous hydrogel and its evaluation

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Polymer Bulletin Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The aim of the current research work was to fabricate polymeric nexus for controlled delivery of metoprolol tartrate by using free radical polymerization. Polymer (aloe vera, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and meggletose) was crosslinked with monomer (acrylic acid) by using N,N methylene bisacrylamide. Swelling behavior was studied in pH 1.2 and 7.4. Sol gel fraction depicted gel fraction increased with the increase in feed ratio (polymer, monomer, and crosslinker). Optimized formulation was evaluated via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). FTIR confirmed compatibility of metoprolol with formulated system. Moreover, pH-dependent swelling was observed, experiencing significant swelling at higher pH. SEM depicted porous architecture which is responsible for swelling, drug loading, and release. Dissolution studies showed percentage drug release was significant in pH 7.4. Hence, the current research work demonstrates sustained delivery of metoprolol by employing varying concentration of polymer, monomer, and crosslinker. These fascinating properties made hydrogel a promising carrier for sustained drug delivery.

Graphic abstract

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Bao Y, Ma J, Li N (2011) Synthesis and swelling behaviors of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose-g-poly (AA-co-AM-co-AMPS)/MMT superabsorbent hydrogel. Carbohyd Polym 84:76–82

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Akalin O, Pulat M (2018) Preparation and characterization of nanoporous sodium carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogel beads. J Nanomater. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9676949

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Liu P, Zhai M, Li J, Peng J, Wu J (2002) Radiation preparation and swelling behavior of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogels. Radiat Phys Chem 63:525–530

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Biswas S, Biswas A, Galluzzi M, Shekh M, Wang Q, Ray B, Stadler FJ (2020) Synthesis and characterization of novel amphiphilic biocompatible block-copolymers of poly (N-isopropylacrylamide)-b-poly (l-phenylalanine methyl ester) by RAFT polymerization. Polym 203:122–760

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Shekh M, Amirian J, Stadler F, Du B, Zhu Y (2020) Oxidized chitosan modified electrospun scaffolds for controllable release of acyclovir. Int J Biol Macromol 151:787–796

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Dhanavel S, Praveena P, Narayanan V, Stephen A (2020) Chitosan/reduced graphene oxide/Pd nanocomposites for co-delivery of 5-fluorouracil and curcumin towards HT-29 colon cancer cells. Polym Bull 77:5681–5696

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Dhanave S, Revathy A, Sivaranjani T, Sivakumar K, Palani P, Narayanan V, Stephen A (2020) 5-Fluorouracil and curcumin co-encapsulated chitosan/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites against human colon cancer cell lines. Polym Bull 77:213–233

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Ganna S, Raja S, Reddy G, Deva P, Raju B, Kummara M, Koduru M, John S (2021) Formulation, optimization, and in vitro characterization of omega-3-rich binary lipid carriers for curcumin delivery: in vitro evaluation of sustained release and its potential antioxidant behavior. Polym Bull 1:1–24

    Google Scholar 

  9. Amirian J, Zeng Y, Shekh M, Sharma G, Stadler F, Song J, Zhu Y (2021) In-situ crosslinked hydrogel based on amidated pectin/oxidized chitosan as potential wound dressing for skin repairing. Carbohyd Polym 251:117–125

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Shahzadi K, Xiong W, Shekh M, Stadler F, Yan Z (2020) Fabrication of highly robust and conductive ion gels based on the combined strategies of double-network, composite, and high-Functionality cross-linkers. ACS Appl Mater Inter 12:49050–49060

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Nayak A, Hasnain M, Dhara A, Pal, D (2021). (eds) Bioactive Natural Products for Pharmaceutical Applications. Advanced Structured Materials. Springer, Cham

  12. Shiva K, Mandal S, Kumar S (2021) Formulation and evaluation of topical antifungal gel of fluconazole using aloe vera gel. Int J Sci Res Develop 1:187–193

    Google Scholar 

  13. Fonseca L, Dirlam P, Hillmyer A (2020) Atom-economical, one-pot, self-initiated photopolymerization of lactose methacrylate for biobased hydrogels. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 8:4606–4613

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Jin X, Hsieh Y (2005) pH-responsive swelling behavior of poly (vinyl alcohol)/poly (acrylic acid) bi-component fibrous hydrogel membranes. Polym 46:5149–5160

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Ijaz H, Tulain U, Minhas M, Mahmood A, Sarfraz R, Erum A, Danish Z (2020) Design and in vitro evaluation of pH-sensitive crosslinked chitosan-grafted acrylic acid copolymer (CS-co-AA) for targeted drug delivery. Int J Polym Mater 5:1–13

    Google Scholar 

  16. Ijaz H, Tulain U (2019) Development of interpenetrating polymeric network for controlled drug delivery and its evaluation. Int J Polym Mater 5:1099–1107

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Zhong M, Liu T, Xie M (2015) Self-healable, super tough graphene oxide–poly (acrylic acid) nanocomposite hydrogels facilitated by dual cross-linking effects through dynamic ionic interactions. J Mat Chem B 3:4001–4008

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Tayyab A, Mahmood A, Ijaz H, Sarfraz R, Zafar N, Danish Z (2020) Formulation and optimization of captopril-loaded microspheres based compressed tablets: in vitro evaluation. Int J Polym Mater 6:1–13

    Google Scholar 

  19. Ijaz H, Qureshi J, Danish Z, Zaman M, Abdel-Daim M, Hanif M, Mohammad I (2015) Formulation and in-vitro evaluation of floating bilayer tablet of lisinopril maleate and metoprolol tartrate. Pak J Pharm Sci 28:2019–2025

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Ijaz H, Qureshi J, Danish Z, Zaman M, Abdel-Daim M, Bashir I (2017) Design and evaluation of bilayer matrix tablet of metoprolol tartrate and lisinopril maleate. Adv Polym Tech 36:152–159

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Mahmood A, Ahmad M, Sarfraz R, Minhas M (2016) β-CD based hydrogel microparticulate system to improve the solubility of acyclovir: optimization through in-vitro, in-vivo and toxicological evaluation. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 36:75–88

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Chauhan P, Kumar A (2020) Development of a microbial coating for cellulosic surface using aloe vera and silane. Carbohydr Polym Tech App 1:1000–1015

    Google Scholar 

  23. Adinugraha M, Marseno D (2005) Synthesis and characterization of sodium carboxymethylcellulose from cavendish banana pseudo stem (Musa cavendishii LAMBERT). Carbohy Polym 62:164–169

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Majeed A, Pervaiz F, Shoukat H, Shabbir K, Noreen S, Anwar M (2020) Fabrication and evaluation of pH sensitive chemically cross-linked interpenetrating network [Gelatin/Polyvinylpyrrolidone-co-poly (acrylic acid)] for targeted release of 5-fluorouracil. Polym Bull 12:1–20

    Google Scholar 

  25. Gami P, Kundu D, Seera S, Banerjee T (2020) Chemically crosslinked xylan–β-Cyclodextrin hydrogel for the in vitro delivery of curcumin and 5-Fluorouracil. Int J Biol Macromol 158:18–31

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Gupta N, Shivakumar H (2012) Investigation of swelling behavior and mechanical properties of a pH-sensitive superporous hydrogel composite. Iran J Pharm Sci 11:481–485

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Akhlaq M, Ullah I, Nawaz A, Safdar M, Azad A, Abbas S, Helaluddin (2020) Targeted Delivery of Methotrexate through pH-sensitive Hydrogel: To Treat Colon Pathology. doi:https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202009.0510.v1.

  28. Abad L, Relleve L, Aranilla C, Rosa A (2003) Properties of radiation synthesized PVP-kappa carrageenan hydrogel blends. Radiat Phys Chem 68:901–908

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Bashir S, Teo Y, Ramesh S, Ramesh K (2017) Physico-chemical characterization of pH-sensitive N-Succinyl chitosan-g-poly (acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) hydrogels and in vitro drug release studies. Polym Degrad Stab 139:38–54

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Azam F, Ijaz H, Qureshi J (2020) Functionalized crosslinked interpenetrating polymeric network for pH responsive colonic drug delivery. Int J Polym Mater 70:646–655

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Ijaz H, Tulain U, Qureshi J (2018) Formulation and in vitro evaluation of pH-sensitive cross-linked xanthan gum-grafted acrylic acid copolymer for controlled delivery of perindopril erbumine (PE). Polym Plast Technol Eng 57:459–470

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Ijaz H, Tulain U, Azam F, Qureshi J (2019) Thiolation of arabinoxylan and its application in the fabrication of pH-sensitive thiolated arabinoxylan grafted acrylic acid copolymer. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 45(5):754–766

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan

    Zeeshan Danish

  2. College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan

    Hira Ijaz

  3. Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Hira Ijaz

  4. Department of Pharmacy, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan

    Ghulam Razzaque & Nauman ul Haq

  5. Nuclear Institute of Agriculture (NIA) Tandojam, Sindh, Pakistan

    Muhammad Mahran Aslam

Authors
  1. Zeeshan Danish
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Hira Ijaz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ghulam Razzaque
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Nauman ul Haq
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Muhammad Mahran Aslam
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Zeeshan Danish or Hira Ijaz.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Danish, Z., Ijaz, H., Razzaque, G. et al. Facile synthesis of three-dimensional porous hydrogel and its evaluation. Polym. Bull. 79, 7407–7428 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-021-03855-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-021-03855-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation