Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of LDPE-g-MA as a compatibilizer for LDPE/PA6 blend on the phase morphology and mechanical properties

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Polymer Bulletin Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The study covered the synthesis of low density polyethylene-graft-maleic anhydride (LDPE-g-MA) and investigated its influence as a compatibilizer for LDPE/polyamide 6 (PA6) blend. LDPE-g-MA characterized by FTIR spectroscopy. Melt blends of LDPE and PA6 which contain 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 phr of LDPE-g-MA were prepared using a Brabender Plasti-corder and characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The static mechanical, water absorption and dynamic mechanical properties of the LDPE/PA6 blends were reported. The study deduced the optimum content of LDPE-g-MA in LDPE/PA6 blends is 8 phr for morphological properties, flexural strength, tensile strength, flexural modulus, E-modulus, impact strength, water absorption percentage and dynamic mechanical properties. The results demonstrated the possibility of using the LDPE/LDPE-g-MA/PA6 (80/8/20) blend in various industrial applications for LDPE such as the manufacture of products made of plastic and in packaging goods.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Scheme 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Akdogan E (2020) The effects of high density polyethylene addition to low density polyethylene polymer on mechanical, impact and physical properties. Eur J Technique 10(1):25–37

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Garcıa M, Vliet G, Cate M et al (2004) Large-scale extrusion processing and characterization of hybrid nylon-6/SiO2 nanocomposites. Polym Adv Technol 15:164–172

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Huitric J, Ville J, Mederic P et al (2018) Solid-state mechanical properties of PE/PA blends filled with organoclay or compatibilized by a graft co-polymer: a comparative study. Polym Testing 70:208–214

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Pan L, Ionue T, Hayami H et al (2002) Reactive blending of polyamide with polyethylene: pull-out of in situ-formed graft copolymers and its application for high temperature materials. Polymer 43:337–343

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Shabbir S, Zulfiqar S, Al-amri S et al (2013) Enhancement of thermal stability, processability and morphology of polystyrene blends. Thermochim Acta 573:213–219

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Pino S and Feitosa F Mechanical properties of polyamide 6,6 / low density polyethylene blend by ionizing radiation. In: International nuclear atlantic conference - INAC 2007 Santos, SP, (Brazil); 30 Sep - 5 Oct 2007; Associacao Brasileira de Energia Nuclear

  7. Salmoria V, Leite L, Ahrens H et al (2007) Rapid manufacturing of PA/HDPE blend specimens by selective laser sintering: microstructural characterization. Polym Testing 26:361–368

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Dintcheva T, Filippone G, La Mantia P et al (2010) Photo-oxidation behaviour of polyethylene/polyamide 6 blends filled with organomodified clay: improvement of the photo-resistance through morphology modification. Polym Degrad Stab 95:527–535

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Ville J, Mederic P, Huitric J et al (2012) Structural and rheological investigation of interface in polyethylene/polyamide/nanoclay ternary blends. Polymer 53:1733–1740

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Labaume I, Huitric J, Mederic P et al (2013) Structural and rheological properties of different polyamide/polyethylene blends filled with clay nanoparticles: a comparative study. Polymer 54:3671–3679

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Mederic P, Fneich F, Ville J et al (2018) Migration of clay and its role in droplet morphology establishment during melt mixing of clay polyethylene/polyamide nanocomposites. Appl Clay Sci 165:257–263

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Huritric J, Mederic P, Moan M et al (1998) Influence of composition and morphology on rheological properties of polyethylene/polyamide blends. Polymer 39:4849–1856

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Chen Q, Uedono A, Ying Y et al (2002) Compatibilization of metallocene polyethylene/polyamide blends with maleic anhydride studied by positron annihilation. Jpn J Appl Phys 41:2146–2149

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Hallden A, Deriss J, Wesslen B (2001) Morphology of LDPE/PA-6 blends compatibilised with poly (ethylene-g-ethylene oxide. Polymer 42:8743–8751

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Salmoria V, Leite L, Paggi A et al (2008) Selective laser sintering of PA12/HDPE: effect of components on elastic/plastic behavior. Polym Testing 27:654–659

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Anjos E, Backes E, Marini J et al (2019) Effect of LLDPE-g-MA on the rheological, thermal, mechanical properties and morphological characteristic of PA6/LLDPE blends. J Polym Res 26(134):1–10

    Google Scholar 

  17. El-Wakil A (2006) Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of natural rubber-graft-N-(4-aminodiphenyl methane) acrylamide as an antioxidant. J Appl Polym Sci 101:843–849

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Ghaemy M, Roohina S (2003) Grafting of maleic anhydride on polyethylene in a homogeneous medium in the presence of radical initiators. Iran Polym J 12:21–29

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Martinez G, Benavides R, Guerrero C et al (2004) UV sensitization of polyethylene for grafting of maleic anhydride. Polym Degrad Stab 86:129–134

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Ahmadzadeh Y, Babaei A, Goudarzi A (2018) Assessment of localization and degradation of ZnO nano-particles in the PLA/PCL biocompatible blend through a comprehensive. Polym Degrad Stab 158:136–147

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Nunes S, Marinho D, Falcao M et al (2018) Rheological, mechanical and morphological properties of poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)/thermoplastic starch blends and its biocomposite with babassu mesocarp. Polym Testing 70:281–288

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. El-Wakil A (2007) Amelioration of acrylonitrile–butadiene copolymer properties using natural rubber graft p-aminophenol. J Appl Polym Sci 104:27–34

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. El-Wakil A, Moustafa H, Helaly M (2015) Utilization of nano-powder barium strontium titanium oxide ((BaTiO3)(SrTiO3))for improving the properties of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber. Res J Pharm Biological Chem Sci (RJPBCS) 6:1150–1162

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Anjos E, Backes E, Marini J, Pessan L, Montagna L, Passador F (2019) Effect of LLDPE-g-MA on the rheological, thermal, mechanical properties and morphological characteristic of PA6/LLDPE blends. J Polym Res 26(134):1–10

    Google Scholar 

  25. Afifi H, El-Wakil A (2008) Study of the effect of natural rubber-graft-maleic anhydride (NR-g-MA) on the compatibility of NR- blends using the ultrasonic technique. Polymer-Plastics Technol Eng 47:1032–1039

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Ravindren R, Mondal S, Nath K, Das N (2019) Prediction of electrical conductivity, double percolation limit and electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of copper nanowire filled flexible polymer blend nanocomposites. Compos B 164:559–569

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Shabbir S, Zulfiqar S, Al-Amri LS, Sarwar ML (2013) Enhancement of thermal stability, processability and morphology of polystyrene blends. Thermochim Acta 573:213–219

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Dedecker K, Groeninckx G (1999) Reactive compatibilization of the polyamide 6/poly (phenylene oxide) blend by means of styrene–maleic anhydride copolymer. J Appl Polym Sci 73:889–898

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Chow WS, Abu Bakar A, Mohd IZA, Karger-KocsisIshiaku JUS (2005) Effect of maleic anhydride-grafted ethylene–propylene rubber on the mechanical, rheological and morphological properties of organoclay reinforced polyamide 6/polypropylene nanocomposites. Eur Polymer J 41:687–696

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Hamid F, Akhbar S, Halim K (2013) Mechanical and thermal properties of polyamide 6 /HDPE-g-MAH/high density polyethylene. Procedia Eng 68:418–424

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. El-Wakil A (2007) Study on effect of natural rubber-graft- 1, 2-phenylenediamine as antioxidant on oxidation resistance for natural rubber. Polymer-Plastics Technol Eng 46:661–666

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Lu X, Zhao J, Yang X et al (2017) Morphology and properties of biodegradable poly (lactic acid)/poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) blends with different viscosity ratio. Polym Testing 60:58–67

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Mondal S, Das T, Ganguly S et al (2018) Oxygen permeability properties of ethylene methyl acrylate/ sepiolite clay composites with enhanced mechanical and thermal performance. J Polymer Sci Appl 2(1):1–10

    Google Scholar 

  34. Yordanov H, Minkova L (2003) Microhardness and thermal stability of compatibilized LDPE/PA6 blends. Eur Polymer J 39:951–958

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Azizli M, Barghamadi M, Rezaeeparto K, Mokhtary M, Parham S (2020) compatibility, mechanical and rheological properties of hybrid rubber NR/EPDM-G-MA/EPDM/graphene oxide nanocomposites: theoretical and experimental analyses. Composites commun 22:100443

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Polymer Metrology and Technology Department, National Institute of Standards, Tersa Street, El-Harm, P.O. Box 136, Giza, 12211, Egypt

    A. A. El-Wakil, H. Moustafa & A. Abdel-Hakim

Authors
  1. A. A. El-Wakil
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. H. Moustafa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. A. Abdel-Hakim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to A. A. El-Wakil or A. Abdel-Hakim.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

El-Wakil, A.A., Moustafa, H. & Abdel-Hakim, A. Effect of LDPE-g-MA as a compatibilizer for LDPE/PA6 blend on the phase morphology and mechanical properties. Polym. Bull. 79, 2249–2262 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-021-03618-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-021-03618-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation