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Thermal degradation and flammability of TiO2–polyetherimide nanocomposite fibers

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Abstract

In this work, the effect of low-pressure cold plasma treatment, UV and the incorporation of TiO2 nanoparticles on thermal degradation and flammability of titanium dioxide (TiO2)/polyetherimide (PEI) nanofibers was evaluated. The morphology of nanocomposite fibers was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscope (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry. SEM images of plasma- and UV-treated nanocomposites show that some samples, e.g., those treated at 248 W and 4 min of exposition, seem more brittle compared with other samples. XPS of treated PEI nanocomposite showed that cold plasma treatment breaks C–C/C–H, C–N and C–O bonds at the surface ether groups leading to an increase in carboxyl and O–C bonds. Moreover, UV treatment breaks C–C/C–H and C–N bonds. Surface modification leads also to changes in thermal stability of PEI nanofibers with a decrease of ~ 4 °C in glass transition temperature (Tg) and a reduction of ~ 200 °C in onset temperature under air compared to pristine PEI nanocomposite. Flammability results measured by pyrolysis-combustion flow calorimeter also showed a decrease in initial degradation temperature and a small increase in total heat released. Furthermore, incorporation of TiO2 nanoparticles leads, as expected, to an improved flame retardancy with a reduction of ~ 40% in peak heat release rate as a function of TiO2 content, but no significant difference was observed in onset degradation temperature observed by TGA. These results show that surface treatments do not significantly change thermal behavior of PEI nanocomposites and could be used for applications that require materials with improved characteristics.

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Acknowledgements

This study was financed in part by the Brazilian Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) (Grant No. 2)-Finance Code 001, and National Council of Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) (Grant No. 1). Finally, the authors are grateful to Ismael Graff for assistance on XPS equipment operation at the Federal University of Paraná (UFPR).

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  1. Interdisciplinary Laboratory for the Development of Nanostructures (LINDEN), Department of Chemical and Food Engineering (EQA), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil

    Sarah Mozzaquatro Pasini, Marcos A. Batistella, Selene M. A. Guelli Ulson de Souza, Dachamir Hotza & Antônio Augusto Ulson de Souza

  2. Laboratory of Mass Transfer (LABMASSA), Department of Chemical and Food Engineering (EQA), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil

    Sarah Mozzaquatro Pasini, Marcos A. Batistella, Selene M. A. Guelli Ulson de Souza & Antônio Augusto Ulson de Souza

  3. National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology (NERCN), 28 East Jiangchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, People’s Republic of China

    Jingfeng Wang

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  1. Sarah Mozzaquatro Pasini
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Pasini, S.M., Batistella, M.A., de Souza, S.M.A.G.U. et al. Thermal degradation and flammability of TiO2–polyetherimide nanocomposite fibers. Polym. Bull. 77, 4937–4958 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-019-02970-1

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