Abstract
In this study, we synthesized a new ion-imprinted polymer (IIP) based on introduction of amidoxime groups in acrylonitrile, complexation with Cd2+ ions and polymerization with styrene and divinylbenzene by aqueous suspension polymerization. A non-imprinting polymer (NIP) was also synthesized. The adsorption tests of Cd2+ by IIP were performed by varying the pH, Cd2+ ion concentrations and contact time between the ions and the IIP. Kinetic models and adsorption isotherms were applied to evaluate the behavior of the IIP. The optimum conditions for Cd2+ adsorption by IIP were pH 6.0 and equilibrium time of 12 min. The increase in initial concentration of the Cd2+ ions resulted in an increased sorption capacity, qe. The Elovich and Freundlich were the most appropriate models to describe the sorption equilibrium and the sorption mechanism, respectively. Selectivity studies were conducted in the presence of Zn2+, Pb2+, Cu2+ and Ni2+. The selectivity results showed that the NIP was not selective for Cd2+ ions and the IIP was selective for Cd2+ ions in relation to ions of Zn2+, Cu2+ and Ni2+, but not in relation to Pb2+ ions.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Gawin M, Konefał J, Trzewik B, Walas S, Tobiasz A, Mrowiec H, Witekm E (2010) Preparation of a new Cd(II)-imprinted polymer and its application to determination of cadmium(II) via flow-injection-flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Talanta 20:1305–1310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2009.09.021
Branger C, Meouche W, Margaillan A (2013) Recent advances on ion-imprinted polymers. React Funct Polym 73:859–875. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2013.03.021
Shakerian F, Ki-Hyun K, Kwon E, Szulejko JE, Kumar P, Dadfarnia S, Shabani AM (2016) Advanced polymeric materials: synthesis and analytical application of ion imprinted polymers as selective sorbents for solid phase extraction of metal ions. Trend Anal Chem 83:55–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2016.08.001
Ghanei-Motlagh M, Taher MA (2017) Novel imprinted polymeric nanoparticles prepared by sol–gel technique for electrochemical detection of toxic cadmium(II) ions. Chem Eng J 327:135–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2017.06.091
Li M, Feng C, Li M, Zeng Q, Gan Q, Yang H (2015) Synthesis and characterization of a surface-grafted Cd(II)ion-imprinted polymer for selective separation of Cd(II) ion from aqueous solution. Appl Surf Sci 332:463–472. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.01.201
Barciela-Alonso MC, Plata-García V, Rouco-López A, Moreda-Piñeiro A, Bermejo-Barrera P (2014) Ionic imprinted polymer based solid phase extraction for cadmium and lead pre-concentration/determination in seafood. Microchem J 114:106–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2013.12.008
Liu X, Chen H, Wang C, Qu R, Ji C, Sun C, Zhang Y (2010) Synthesis of porous acrylonitrile/methyl acrylate copolymer beads by suspended emulsion polymerization and their adsorption properties after amidoximation. J Hazard Mater 175:1014–1021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.10.111
Santa Maria LC, Amorim MCV, Aguiar MRMP, Guimaraes PIC, Costa MAS, Aguiar AP, Rezende PR, Carvalho MS, Barbosa FG, Andrade JM, Ribeiro RCC (2001) Chemical modification of cross-linked resin based on acrylonitrile for anchoring metal ions. React Funct Polym 49:133–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1381-5148(01)00068-2
Coutinho FMB, Rezende SM, Barbosa CCR (2001) Influence of the morphological structure of macroreticular amidoxime resins on their complexation capacity. React Funct Polym 49:235–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1381-5148(01)00079-7
Lu S, Chen L, Hamza MF, He C, Wang X, Wey Y, Guibal E (2019) Amidoxime functionalization of a poly(acrylonitrile)/silica composite for the sorption of Ga(III)—application to the treatment of Bayer liquor. Chem Eng J 368:459–473. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.02.094
Anirudhan TS, Lekshmi GS, Shainy F (2019) Synthesis and characterization of amidoxime modified chitosan/bentonite composite for the adsorptive removal and recovery of uranium from seawater. J Colloid Interface Sci 534:248–261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2018.09.009
Caprarescu S, Corobea MC, Purcar V, Spataru CI, Ianchis R, Vasilievisi G, Vuluga Z (2015) San copolymer membranes with ion exchangers for Cu(II) removal from synthetic wastewater by electrodialysis. J Environ Sci 35:27–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2015.02.005
ASTM D 1895-69 (1975) Annual Book of ASTM. ASTM, Philadelphia
Evaristo AA, Santos KCR, Costa LC, Marques MRC (2013) Evaluation of ion exchange resins for recovery of metals from electroplating sludge. Polym Bull 70:2239–2255. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-013-0944-x
Germiniano TO, Corazza MZ, Segatelli MG, Ribeiro ES, Yabe JS, Galunin E, Tarley CRT (2014) Synthesis of novel copper ion-selective material based on hierarchically imprinted cross-linked poly(acrylamide-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate). React Funct Polym 82:72–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2014.05.012
Jiang Y, Kim D (2013) Synthesis and selective adsorption behavior of Pd(II)-imprinted porous polymer particles. Chem Eng J 232:503–509. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2013.08.008
Rahangdale D, Kumar A (2018) Acrylamide grafted chitosan based ion imprinted polymer for the recovery of cadmium from nickel–cadmium battery waste. J Environ Chem Eng 6:1828–1839. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2018.02.027
Prasad BB, Jauhari D, Verma A (2014) A dual-ion imprinted polymer embedded in sol–gel matrix for the ultra trace simultaneous analysis of cadmium and copper. Talanta 120:398–407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2013.12.036
Colthup NB, Daly LH, Wiberley SE (1964) Introduction to infrared and raman spectroscopy. Academic Press Inc., New York
Valle ASS, Marques MRC, Costa LC, Santa Maria LC, Aguiar AP, Merçon F (2013) Evaluation of bactericidal action of 2-vinylpiridine copolymers containing quaternary ammonium groups and their charge transfer complexes. Polímeros 23:152–160. https://doi.org/10.4322/S0104-14282013005000023
Wang J, Liu F (2014) Synthesis and application of ion-imprinted interpenetrating polymer network gel for selective solid phase extraction of Cd2+. Chem Eng J 242:117–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2013.12.067
Sing DK, Mishra S (2009) Synthesis, characterization and removal of Cd(II) using Cd(II)-ion imprinted polymer. J Hazard Mater 164:1547–1551. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.09.112
Wolowicz A, Hubicki A (2010) Effect of matrix and structure types of ion exchangers on palladium(II) sorption from acidic medium. Chem Eng J 160:660–670. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2010.04.009
Tarley CRT, Corazza MZ, Somera BF, Segatelli MG (2015) Preparation of new ion-selective cross-linked poly(vinylimidazole-coethylene glycol dimethacrylate) using a double-imprinting process for the preconcentration of Pb2+ ions. J Colloid Interface Sci 450:254–263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2015.02.074
Segatelli MG, Santos VS, Presotto ABT, Yoshida IVP, Tarley CRT (2010) Cadmium ion-selective sorbent preconcentration method using ion imprinted poly(ethylene glycol dimethacrylate-co-vinylimidazole). React Funct Polym 70:325–333
Person RG (1963) Hard and soft acids and bases. J Am Chem Soc 85:3533–3539. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00905a001
Acknowledgements
This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior-Brazil (CAPES)—Finance Code 001. We also thank the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) and Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) for financial support.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gomes, A.C.S.A., Costa, L.C., Brito, D.C. et al. Development of a new ion-imprinted polymer (IIP) with Cd2+ ions based on divinylbenzene copolymers containing amidoxime groups. Polym. Bull. 77, 1969–1981 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-019-02842-8
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-019-02842-8