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Clean and dry route of synthesis of C60/polyvinylpyrrolidone composite using supercritical carbon dioxide

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Abstract

In the present investigation, we have studied polymerization of (a) vinylpyrrolidone (VP) and (b) VP with C60 molecule applying various supercritical conditions with 2,2-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as a catalyst. Products hence obtained are polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and fullerene-polyvinylpyrrolidone (C60/PVP) polymers. With polymerization reaction, the yield of corresponding C60–PVP polymers was significantly affected under applied concentrations of AIBN (304.5–1218.0 × 10−3 mol/dL) supercritical pressure (1200–1800 psi), temperature (C60 90 ± 1°) and time (3–6 h). The concentration of VP ranged 7.04–12.59 × 10−3 mol/dL. The samples of the synthesized C60/PVP polymer with lowest (24.8%) and highest (45.0%) yields were characterized using UV–Vis, FT-IR, 1H NMR, laser-induced breakdown spectra, scanning electron microscopy and simultaneous TG–DTA–DSC. The morphology of the C60/PVP polymers was confirmed by scanning electron micrographs which indicates the existence of separated C60 phases with heterogeneous morphology in corresponding C60/PVP polymers in all the cases. Simultaneous TG–DTA–DSC revealed enhanced thermal stability of C60/PVP.

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Acknowledgement

The author wishes to thank Prof.M..G.H. Zaidi for his support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Model Institute of Engineering and Technology, Kot-Bhalwal, Jammu, 181122, India

    Navdeep Bhullar & Archna Sharma

  2. Department of Chemistry, Govind Vallabhpant University for Agriculture & Technology, Pant Nagar, Uttrakhand, India

    Navdeep Bhullar

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  1. Navdeep Bhullar
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  2. Archna Sharma
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Correspondence to Navdeep Bhullar.

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Bhullar, N., Sharma, A. Clean and dry route of synthesis of C60/polyvinylpyrrolidone composite using supercritical carbon dioxide. Polym. Bull. 76, 5939–5956 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-019-02694-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-019-02694-2

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