Abstract
Isotactic polypropylene (iPP): ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) blend is one of the most suited compatible and miscible blends. The blends of iPP and EPDM (80:20) filled with BaCO3 nanoparticles (0.5, 1.5, 2.5 and 3 wt%) were prepared on Brabender Plasticorder, which was then subjected to injection molding to get dumbbell-shaped specimens. Meanwhile, BaCO3 nanoparticles (nBaCO3) were prepared using ultrasonic cavitation technique. The size and shape of nBaCO3 particle was confirmed using transmission electron microscope and found to be capsule shape of diameter ~40–60 nm with aspect ratio (l/d) of 2.2–2.5. The reduction in particle size of nBaCO3 leads to formation of uniform suspension. The solution was kept as such for long time so as to nullify the charges developed over the surface of nanoparticles. The mechanical properties of nBaCO3-reinforced iPP-EPDM blends were studied using universal testing machine and impact tester. Moreover, thermal properties were studied using flammability tester, vicat softening temperature, thermo gravimetric analyzer and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Dispersion of nBaCO3 in iPP-EPDM matrix was studied using scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffractometer. The mechanical and thermal properties of iPP-EPDM/nBaCO3 blends were found to be improved significantly with increasing amount of nBaCO3 up to 2.5 wt%, which is due to good compatibility in between iPP and EPDM with uniform dispersion of nBaCO3. Moreover, due to agglomeration at 3 wt% loading of nBaCO3 few of the properties found to be decreased marginally.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bianchi L, Cimino S, Forte A, Greco R, Martuscelli E, Riva F, Silvestre C (1985) Isotactic polypropylene/polyisobutylene blends: morphology-structure-mechanical properties relationships. J Mater Sci 20:895–905
Chandra R, Mishra S, Kumar P, Rajabi L (1994) Photo-oxidative degradation of PPO/PET blends. Die Angewandte Makromol Chemie 214:1–9
van Gisbergen JGM, Meijer HEH, Lemstra PJ (1989) Structured polymer blends: 2. Processing of polypropylene/EDPM blends: controlled rheology and morphology fixation via electron beam irradiation. Polymer 30:2153–2157
Karger-Kocsis J, Kalló A, Szafner A, Bodor G, Sényei Zs (1979) Morphological study on the effect of elastomeric impact modifiers in polypropylene systems. Polymer 20:37–43
Tinker AJ (1984) Preparation of polypropylene/natural rubber blend having high impact at lower temperature. Polym Commun 25:325–326
Jang BZ, Uhmann DR, Vander Sande JB (1984) Crystalline morphology of polypropylene and rubber-modified polypropylene. J Appl Polym Sci 29:4377–4393
Pukanszky B, Tudos F, Kallo A, Bodor G (1989) Multiple morphology in polypropylene/ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer blends. Polymer 30:1399–1406
Jahan A, Rahman MM, Kabir H, Kabir MA, Ahmed F, Abul Hossain Md, Gafur MA (2013) Optical, electrical and thermal properties of jute and glass fiber reinforced LDPE composites. Int J Basic Appl Sci 1:482–490
Dangtungee R, Yun J, Supaphol P (2005) Melt rheology and extrudate swell of calcium carbonate nanoparticle-filled isotactic polypropylene. Polym Test 24:2–11
Jipa S, Zaharescu T, Supaphol P (2010) Thermal stability of isotactic polypropylene modified with calcium carbonate nanoparticles. Polym Bull 64:783–790
Kiliaris P, Papaspyrides CD (2010) Polymer/layered silicate (clay) nanocomposites: an overview of flame retardancy. Prog Polym Sci 35:902–958
Xu W, Liang G, Wang W, Tang S, He P, Pan WP (2003) PP–PP-g-MAH–Org-MMT nanocomposites. I. Intercalation behavior and microstructure. J Appl Polym Sci 88:3225–3231
Mishra S, Shimpi NG, Mali AD (2012) Surface modification of montmorillonite (MMT) using column chromatography technique and its application in silicone rubber nanocomposites. Macomol Res 20:44–50
Das A, Wang DY, Stockelhuber KW, Jurk R, Fritzsche J, Kluppel M, Heinrich G (2011) Rubber-clay nanocomposites: some recent results. Adv Polym Sci 239:85–166
Danesi S, Porter RS (1978) Blends of isotactic polypropylene and ethylene-propylene rubbers: rheology, morphology and mechanics. Polymer 19:448–457
Bielinski D, Slusarski L, Wlochowicz A, Slusarczyk C, Douillard A (1997) Some aspects of isotactic polypropylene crystallization in an ethylene-propylene-diene rubber matrix. Polym Int 44:161–173
Ezzati P, Ghasemi I, Karrabi M, Irani HA (2008) Rheological behaviour of PP/EPDM blend: the effect of compatibilization. Iran Polym J 17:669–679
Naskar K, Gohs U, Wagenknecht U, Heinrich G (2009) PP-EPDM thermoplastic vulcanizates by electron induced reactive processing. Express Polym Lett 3:677–683
Zugenmaier P, Amash A (1997) Dynamic mechanical investigations on drawn samples of isotactic polypropylene/EPM–rubber blend. J Polym Sci B Polym Phys 35:1439–1448
Karger-Kocsis J, Kiss L (1987) Dynamic mechanical properties and morphology of polypropylene block copolymers and polypropylene/elastomer blends. Polym Eng Sci 27(4):254–262
Long Y, Shanks RA (1996) Visible light-induced polymerization reactions: the seven-role of the electron transfer process in the dye/iron arene complex/amine system. J Appl Polym Sci 61:1877–1885
Mishra S, Shimpi NG, Sonawane HA, Mali AD (2012) Indian patent 1671/MUM/2012 (Published online on 14 Feb. 2014)
Samyn F, Bourbigot S, Jama C, Bellayer S (2008) Fire retardancy of polymer clay nanocomposites: Is there an influence of the nanomorphology? Polym Degrad Stab 93:2019
Shimpi NG, Mishra S, Mali AD (2011) Influence of stearic acid treated nano-CaCO3 on the properties of silicone nanocomposites. J Polym Res 6:1715–1724
Wang LS, Wang XL, Yan GL (2000) Synthesis, characterisation and flame retardance behaviour of poly(ethylene terephthalate) copolymer containing triaryl phosphine oxide. Polym Degrad Stab 69:127–130
Fontaine G, Bourbigot S, Duquesne S (2008) Neutralized flame retardant phosphorus agent: facile synthesis, reaction to fire in PP and synergy with zinc borate. Polym Degrad Stab 93:68–76
Mishra S, Shimpi NG, Mali AD (2012) Investigation of photo-oxidative effect on morphology and degradation of mechanical and physical properties of nano CaCO3 silicone rubber composites. Polym Adv Technol 23:236–246
Toldy A, Toth N, Anna P, Keglevich G, Kiss K, Marosi G (2006) Flame retardancy of epoxy resin with phosphorus-containing reactive amine and clay minerals. Polym Adv Technol 17:778–781
Shimpi NG, Sonawane HA, Mali AD, Mishra S (2013) Effect of Mg(OH)2 nanoparticles on thermal, mechanical and morphological properties of millable polyurethane elastomer. J Reinf Polym Plast 32:935–946
Acknowledgments
Authors are thankful to Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO), New Delhi (EPIPR/ER/0903780/M/01/1239) for providing financial assistance to carry out this research work.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Shimpi, N.G., Mali, A.D., Sonawane, H.A. et al. Effect of nBaCO3 on mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of isotactic PP-EPDM blend. Polym. Bull. 71, 2067–2080 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-014-1173-7
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-014-1173-7