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Bioassay and Whole-Genome Analysis of Bacillus velezensis FIO1408, a Biocontrol Agent Against Pathogenic Bacteria in Aquaculture

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Abstract

Bacterial disease is one of the most critical problems in aquaculture. Probiotics represent a promising biological approach to control bacterial disease because it is effective against pathogens and environmentally friendly. This study assessed the antagonistic activities of a bacterial strain FIO1408 isolated from deep-sea water against many pathogenic bacteria in aquaculture, including Listonella anguillarum, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio alginolyticus, Aeromonas hydrophila, Edwardsiella anguillarum, Edwardsiella tarda, and Edwardsiella piscicida. The complete genome of strain FIO1408 consisted of a circular chromosome of 4,137,639 bp and two plasmids of 16,439 bp and 24,472 bp. Phylogenetic analysis showed strain FIO1408 clustered with Bacillus velezensis strains. 12 genes/gene clusters responsible for the synthesis of secondary metabolites were identified in the FIO1408 genome, including three lipopeptides, three polyketides, three bacteriocins, one siderophore, one dipeptide, and one unknown type. Also identified were 273 unique orthologous genes primarily involved in phage resistance, protein hydrolysis, environmental survivability, and genetic stability compared to B. velezensis KACC 13105, B. velezensis FZB42T, and B. velezensis NRRL B-41580. The principal safety of FIO1408 was demonstrated by genetic analyses and feeding trials. These findings will contribute to studies on the biocontrol mechanisms of B. velezensis FIO1408 and facilitate its application as a potent biological control agent against bacterial pathogens in aquaculture.

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Data Availability

The genome sequences of B. velezensis FIO1408 have been deposited in NCBI under the GenBank accession numbers CP061938-CP061940 (BioProject: PRJNA664348). The B. velezensis FIO1408 strain is available from the Key laboratory of marine bioactive substances, First Institute of Oceanology, Ministry of Natural Resources, China.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by Laoshan Laboratory (LSKJ202203901) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Number 42106153).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR), Qingdao, 266061, China

    Wenhao Huang, Lingyun Qu, Ping Gao & Guangxun Du

  2. Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237, China

    Wenhao Huang, Lingyun Qu & Ping Gao

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  1. Wenhao Huang
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  2. Lingyun Qu
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Contributions

WH and LQ: conceived the idea of the study; WHu and PG: analyzed the data; WH and PG and GD: interpreted the results; WH: wrote the paper; all authors discussed the results and revised the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Lingyun Qu or Ping Gao.

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The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Ethical approval

All procedures performed in the study were in accordance with the Laboratory Animal Welfare and Ethics Committee CALAS, Beijing, China. The ethical principles (GB/T 35892–2018) established by General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China were followed. We have obtained permission from the National Key Basic Research Program of China for the provision of infrastructure and support for rearing of Scophthalmus maximus (an aquaculture fish species) in indoor conditions related to our study to promote aquaculture practices. During the experiment, the rearing method simulated the aquaculture in a flowing water environment (no harm to S. maximus) and the probiotic supplementation was conducted through feed addition as a modest method. At the end of the experiment, all fish were euthanized according to Guideline for ethical review of animal welfare (GB/T 35892-2018).

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Huang, W., Qu, L., Gao, P. et al. Bioassay and Whole-Genome Analysis of Bacillus velezensis FIO1408, a Biocontrol Agent Against Pathogenic Bacteria in Aquaculture. Curr Microbiol 80, 354 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-023-03423-9

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