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Emerging Increase in Colistin Resistance Rates in Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica from Türkiye

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Abstract

Foodborne infections caused by drug-resistant Salmonella spp. are a global health concern. Moreover, commensal Escherichia coli is considered risky due to the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes. Colistin is considered a last-resort antibiotic against Gram-negative bacterial infections. Colistin resistance can be transferred both vertically, and horizontally via conjugation between bacterial species. Plasmid-mediated resistance has been associated with mcr-1 to mcr-10 genes. In this study, we collected food samples (n = 238), and isolated E. coli (n = 36) and Salmonella (n = 16), representing recent isolates. We included previously collected Salmonella (n = 197) and E. coli (n = 56) from various sources from 2010 to 2015 in Türkiye as representing historical isolates to investigate colistin-resistance over time. In all isolates, colistin resistance was screened phenotypically by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and then in resistant isolates, mcr-1 to mcr-5 genes were further screened. In addition, the antibiotic resistance of recent isolates was determined, and antibiotic resistance genes were investigated. We found that in total 20 Salmonella isolates (9.38%) and 23 of the E. coli isolates (25%) showed phenotypic colistin resistance. Interestingly, the majority of colistin-resistant isolates (N:32) had resistance levels above 128 mg/L. Furthermore 75% of commensal E. coli isolates recently isolated were resistant at least 3 antibiotics. Overall, we found that the colistin resistance has been increased from 8.12 to 25% in Salmonella isolates, and 7.14% to 52.8% in E. coli isolates over time. However, none of these resistant isolates carried mcr genes, most likely indicating emerging chromosomal colistin resistance.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the Scientific and Technical Research Council of Türkiye (TUBITAK) (Project no. 118O770).

Funding

This study was supported by the Scientific and Technical Research Council of Türkiye (TUBITAK) (Project no: 118O770).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey

    Seray Tok & Yeşim Soyer

  2. Department of Food Engineering, Hitit University, Çorum, Turkey

    Mustafa Guzel

  3. Department of Biotechnology, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey

    Mustafa Guzel & Yeşim Soyer

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  1. Seray Tok
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  2. Mustafa Guzel
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Contributions

ST: Investigation, data analysis and visualization, writing—original draft; MG: Conceptualization, investigation, methodology, writing—review and editing; YS; Conceptualization, funding acquisition, project administration, supervision, writing—review and editing.

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Correspondence to Yeşim Soyer.

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Tok, S., Guzel, M. & Soyer, Y. Emerging Increase in Colistin Resistance Rates in Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica from Türkiye. Curr Microbiol 80, 222 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-023-03323-y

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