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Improvements in Bioremediation Agents and Their Modified Strains in Mediating Environmental Pollution

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Abstract

Environmental pollution has been a significant concern around the globe as the release of toxic pollutants is associated with carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic impacts on living organisms. Since microorganisms have the natural potential to degrade toxic metabolites into nontoxic forms, an eco-friendly approach known as bioremediation has been used to tackle toxic-induced pollution. Bioremediation has three fundamental levels, i.e., natural attenuation, bio-augmentation, and biostimulation in which the synthetic biology approach has been lately utilized to enhance the conventional bioremediation techniques. Recently, a more advanced approach of programmable nucleases such as zinc finger nucleases, tale-like effector nucleases, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats Cas is being employed to engineer several bacterial, fungal, and algal strains for targeted mutagenesis by knocking in and out specific genes which are involved in reconstructing the metabolic pathways of native microbes. These genetically engineered microorganisms possess heavy metal resistance, greater substrate range, enhanced enzymatic activity, and binding affinity which accelerate the biodegradation of toxic pollutants to environmentally safe levels. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of how we can correlate the novel genetics-based approaches employed to produce genetically engineered microorganisms to enhance the biodegradation of hazardous pollutants, hence, developing a clean and sustainable ecosystem.

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Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

(Modified from: 52). The figure is demonstrating that how ZFNs, TALENs and CRISPR-Cas makes the double-stranded cuts at the trageted site of the genome and then insert the desired functional gene at that point, making the strain more potent for the degradation of pollutants

Fig. 4

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  1. Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan

    Asmara Ahmad, Ghulam Mustafa, Amna Rana & Abdur Rehman Zia

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All the authors contributed to the study conception and design. Conceptualization and writing of the draft were done by AA and AR. The draft was revised and edited by AA and ARZ with the supervision of GM. All the authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

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Ahmad, A., Mustafa, G., Rana, A. et al. Improvements in Bioremediation Agents and Their Modified Strains in Mediating Environmental Pollution. Curr Microbiol 80, 208 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-023-03316-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-023-03316-x

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