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Azospirillum Aestuarii sp. nov., a Novel Nitrogen-Fixting and Aerobic Denitrifying Bacteria Isolated from an Estuary of a Freshwater River

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Abstract

A novel Gram-staining negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain YIM DDC1T, was isolated from an estuary sediment sample of Dongda River flowing into Dianchi lake in Yunnan, southwest China. The strain displayed growth at 10–40 °C (optimum of 28 °C), pH 5.0–9.0 (optimum of 7.0–8.0) and in presence of 0–3% (w/v) NaCl (optimum of 0–1%). Strain YIM DDC1T comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine and two unidentified aminolipids as the predominant polar lipids; the ubiquinone 10 as the major respiratory quinone; and summed feature 8 (C18:1ω6c and/or C18:1ω7c), summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c and/or C16:1ω6c) and C18:1 2-OH as the major cellular fatty acids. Analysis of 16S rRNA showed that YIM DDC1T represents a member of the genus Azospirillum, and was closely related to A. brasilense ATCC 29145 T (98.9%), A. baldaniorum Sp245T (98.2%), A. argentinense Az39T (98.2%) and A. formosense CC-Nfb-7 T (98.2%). The draft genome size was 7.15 Mbp with a 68.4% G + C content. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between strain YIM DDC1T and the aforementioned closely related strains exhibited similarity in the range of 93.8–93.5% and 53.7–52.7%, respectively. nif gene cluster (nifHDK) and denitrification genes ((napA, nirS, nirK, norBC and nosZ) detected in the genome indicated its potential nitrogen fixation and full-fledged denitrifying function. Based on combined genotypic and phenotypic data, strain YIM DDC1T represents a novel species of the genus Azospirillum, for which the name Azospirillum aestuarii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM DDC1T (= KCTC 42887 T = CGMCC 1.17325 T).

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Abbreviations

ANI:

Average nucleotide identity

dDDH:

Digital DNA-DNA hybridization

LB:

Luria–Bertani

ML:

Maximum-likelihood

MP:

Maximum-parsimony

NA:

Nutrient agar

NJ:

Neighbour-joining

R2A:

Reasoner’s 2A

TSA:

Tryptic soy agar

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Acknowledgements

This research was funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), grant number 31660001, 31660089, 31660042 and 31960220, and the Major Science and Technology Projects of Yunnan Province (digitalization, development and application of biotic resource), grant number 202002AA100007.

Funding

Natural Science Foundation of China, 31660001,Yong-Xia Wang, 31660089, Xiao-Long Cui, 31660042, Wei Xiao, 31960220, Wei-Hong Liu

Author information

Author notes

  1. Can-Hai Xu and Gen Chen have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, People’s Republic of China

    Can-Hai Xu, Gen Chen, Yan Liu, Wei Xiao, Xiao-Long Cui, Zhang-Gui Ding & Yong-Xia Wang

  2. State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, People’s Republic of China

    Xiao-Long Cui

  3. College of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671003, People’s Republic of China

    Wei-Hong Liu

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  1. Can-Hai Xu
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Contributions

Xu, CH and Zhao, YT performed the experiments and wrote the manuscript; Li, CP, Xiao, W and Liu, WH analyzed the data and designed the study; Cui, XL and Wang YX guided the experiments and revised the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Yong-Xia Wang.

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The 16S rRNA gene and the genome sequences of strain YIM DDC1T have been deposited in the GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ database under the accession numbers MW463421 and JAEPIV000000000, respectively.

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Xu, CH., Chen, G., Liu, Y. et al. Azospirillum Aestuarii sp. nov., a Novel Nitrogen-Fixting and Aerobic Denitrifying Bacteria Isolated from an Estuary of a Freshwater River. Curr Microbiol 80, 113 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-023-03213-3

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