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Werden Psychotherapeuten, Psychiater oder die Psychotherapie stigmatisiert?

Systematische Literaturrecherche

Are psychotherapists, psychiatrists or psychotherapy stigmatized?

Systematic literature search

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

In den letzten Jahrzehnten ist viel über die Stigmatisierung von Menschen mit psychischen Krankheiten geforscht worden. Zum Teil wurde dabei auch eine vermeintliche Stigmatisierung von Psychotherapeuten, Psychiatern oder der Psychotherapie thematisiert.

Ziel der Arbeit

Es sollte die Frage beantwortet werden, ob es wissenschaftliche Evidenz für die Stigmatisierung von Psychotherapeuten, Psychiatern oder der Psychotherapie im Sinne einer etablierten Stigmadefinition wie der von Link u. Phelan (Ann Rev Sociol 2001;27:363–385) gibt.

Material und Methoden

Für die systematische Literatursuche wurde im Dezember 2013 eine Datenbankrecherche in der Datenbank Web of Science anhand folgender Suchbegriffe durchgeführt: „stigma or discrimination or stereotypes or prejudice AND psychiatrist or psychotherapist or psychotherapy or mental health professional“. Dabei wurden 2023 Publikationen identifiziert, die systematisch anhand des Titels und der Abstracts nach ihrer Relevanz für die Beantwortung der Frage, ob Psychotherapie oder assoziierte Berufsgruppen stigmatisiert werden, eingeordnet wurden. Lediglich 4 Beiträge wurden als relevant eingestuft. Durch Hinweise von Experten konnten 6 weitere relevante Arbeiten gefunden werden, die nicht in der Datenbankrecherche erschienen waren.

Ergebnisse

Es wurden Belege lediglich für das Vorliegen sowohl positiver als auch negativer Stereotype, aber nicht für weitere Komponenten des Stigmatisierungsprozesses gefunden.

Schlussfolgerung

Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass von einer Stigmatisierung von Psychotherapeuten, Psychiatern oder der Psychotherapie nicht gesprochen werden kann.

Abstract

Background

In the last decades much has been found out about the stigmatization of persons with mental illnesses. Recently, a potential stigmatization of psychologists, psychiatrists and psychotherapy has been debated.

Aim

The question should be answered whether there is any scientific evidence for stigmatization of psychologists, psychiatrists and psychotherapy by using the conceptualization of stigma as brought forward by Link and Phelan (Ann Rev Sociol 2001; 27:363–385).

Material and methods

For the systematic literature search in 2013 a databank search was carried out in Web of Science using the search terms stigma or discrimination or stereotypes or prejudice AND psychiatrist or psychotherapist or psychotherapy or mental health professional. A total of 2013 publications were identified which were systematically arranged according to the title and abstract with respect to the relevance for the question whether psychotherapy or associated professional groups are stigmatized. Only four of the articles were considered to be relevant. After advice from experts six further relevant articles could be found which did not appear in the databank search.

Results

The review found evidence for both positive and negative stereotypes but not for other components of the stigmatization process.

Conclusion

At present there is no evidence for a stigma related to psychotherapy or to the professions of psychotherapists and psychiatrists.

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Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien

Interessenkonflikt. Susanne Prüß, Sven Speerforck, Johannes Bahlmann, Harald J. Freyberger und Georg Schomerus geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht. Der Beitrag enthält keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald am Helios Hanseklinikum Stralsund, Rostocker Chaussee 70, 18437, Stralsund, Deutschland

    Susanne Prüß, Sven Speerforck, Johannes Bahlmann, Harald J. Freyberger & Georg Schomerus

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  1. Susanne Prüß
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  2. Sven Speerforck
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  3. Johannes Bahlmann
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  4. Harald J. Freyberger
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  5. Georg Schomerus
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Correspondence to Susanne Prüß.

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Prüß, S., Speerforck, S., Bahlmann, J. et al. Werden Psychotherapeuten, Psychiater oder die Psychotherapie stigmatisiert?. Psychotherapeut 59, 275–282 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00278-014-1057-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00278-014-1057-1

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