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Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for patients with a history of multiple relapses of acute myeloid leukemia

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Abstract

The prognosis of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is dismal after experiencing multiple relapses. This study retrospectively analyzed outcomes of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) for 192 adults with AML in third or subsequent complete remission (CR3+), 300 in second relapse (REL2), and 50 in third or subsequent relapse (REL3+) who were enrolled in a Japanese nationwide transplantation registry. The study population included patients undergoing umbilical cord blood transplantation, but not those undergoing haploidentical HCT. Patients transplanted in CR3+ had better survival than those transplanted in REL2 and REL3+ (48%, 21%, and 12% at 4 years; P < 0.001), and this was due to a reduction in post-transplant relapse (23%, 57%, and 52%; P < 0.001). The corresponding cumulative incidence of non-relapse mortality was 33%, 26%, and 36% (P = 0.022). Multivariate analysis revealed significantly lower relapse and overall mortality for those in CR3+ and significantly lower non-relapse mortality for those in REL2. Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for overall mortality were 2.02 (1.56–2.64) for REL2+ versus CR3+ (P < 0.001) and 2.12 (1.40–3.19) for REL3+ versus CR3+ (P < 0.001). Our analysis demonstrates the curative potential of allogeneic HCT for patients with a history of multiple AML relapses and suggests the potential benefits and risks of reinduction attempt before transplantation, highlighting the need for an individualized approach in determining whether to give reinduction therapy in this setting.

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Funding

This work was supported in part by the Practical Research Project for Allergic Diseases and Immunology (Research Technology of Medical Transplantation) from Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) under the grant number 18ek0510023h0002.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Hematology and Cell Therapy, Aichi Cancer Center, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8681, Japan

    Masamitsu Yanada

  2. Jyoban Hospital Tokiwa Foundation, Fukushima, Japan

    Jinichi Mori

  3. Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan

    Jun Aoki

  4. Niigata University Hospital, Niigata, Japan

    Masayoshi Masuko

  5. Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan

    Kaito Harada

  6. Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan

    Naoyuki Uchida

  7. Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center, Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan

    Noriko Doki

  8. National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan

    Takahiro Fukuda

  9. Saiseikai Maebashi Hospital, Maebashi, Japan

    Toru Sakura

  10. Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan

    Heiwa Kanamori

  11. Anjo Kosei Hospital, Anjo, Japan

    Masashi Sawa

  12. Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

    Tadakazu Kondo & Junya Kanda

  13. Hiroshima Red Cross Hospital and Atomic-Bomb Survivors Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan

    Yuta Katayama

  14. Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan

    Tatsuo Ichinohe

  15. Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan

    Yoshiko Atsuta

  16. Japanese Data Center for Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Nagoya, Japan

    Yoshiko Atsuta

  17. Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

    Shingo Yano

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  1. Masamitsu Yanada
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  2. Jinichi Mori
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  13. Yuta Katayama
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  14. Junya Kanda
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  15. Tatsuo Ichinohe
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  17. Shingo Yano
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Masamitsu Yanada.

Ethics declarations

This study was approved by the institutional review board of the Fujita Health University School of Medicine and was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent was obtained from all patients for being included in the study.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Yanada, M., Mori, J., Aoki, J. et al. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for patients with a history of multiple relapses of acute myeloid leukemia. Ann Hematol 98, 2179–2186 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00277-019-03736-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00277-019-03736-5

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