Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

The human cerebral cortex on MRI: value of the coronal plane

  • Radiology
  • Published:
Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The evaluation of different cortical areas of the cerebral cortex has been analyzed using MRI of 50 normal subjects without any neurological symptoms. This analysis has been made with different spin echo and gradient echo in T1 or T2 in three different planes: horizontal, sagittal and coronal. The most accurate plane to define important cortical areas such as Broca area, Wernicke area, temporal cortex at the level of the superior temporal sulcus, angular gyrus, supra marginal gyrus, hippocampal and parahippocampal cortices as well as that of the parieto or temporo –occipital areas is the coronal plane. Evidently it must be correlated with the other orthogonal planes. To be compared with the main Atlas of Neuroanatomy these sections must be perpendicular or parallel to the plane passing through the anterior and posterior commissures. MRI of patients with neurological disorders must have, as a routine, a series of MR sections performed in the coronal plane, as well as in horizontal and sagittal ones. The coronal plane is certainly the most precise to evaluate these areas involved in language, memory, visuo spatial or behavioral functions. It must be always compared with the rest of the neuroradiological examination and correlated with the clinical neurological signs.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Amunts K, Schlaug G, Schleicher A et al (1996) Assymetry in the human motor cortex and handedness. Neuroimage 4(3 Pt 1):216–222

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Baulac M, De Grissac N, Hasboun D et al (1998) Hippocampal developmental changes in patients with partial epilepsy: magnetic resonance imaging and clinical aspects. Ann Neurol 44(2):223–233

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Braun M, Anxionnat R, Marchal C et al (2000) Radioanatomy of the cerebral cortex. Practical guide of identification. J Radiol 81(suppl 6):704–716

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Damasio H (1995) Human brain anatomy in computerized images, Chap 5, 6, vol 1. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 69–275

  5. DeArmond SJ, Fusco MM, Dewey MM (1989) Structure of the human brain. A photographic atlas, vol 1, 3th edn. Oxford University press, New York, pp 37–61

  6. Dejerine J (1895, reed. 1980) Anatomie des Centres Nerveux. In: Masson (ed) Paris 2 vol. vol 1, pp 434–485

  7. Duvernoy H (1988) The Human hippocampus. An atlas of applied anatomy, vol 1. Bergmann Verlag, Munchen, pp 61–95

  8. Duvernoy H (1999) The human brain. Surface, blood supply, and three dimensional sectional anatomy, vol 1, 2nd edn. Springer, Wien, pp 54–213

  9. Ebeling U, Steinmetz H (1995) Anatomy of the parietal lobe: mapping the individual pattern. Acta Chir (Wien) 136(1–2):8–11

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Ebeling U, Steinmetz H, Huang Y et al (1989) Topography and identification of the inferior precentral sulcus in MR imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 10(5):937–942

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Friston KJ (1995) Voxel based morphometry. The methods. Neuroimage 2:89–101

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Geyer S, Schleicher A, Zilles K (1999) Areas 3a, 3b, and 1 of human primary somatosensory cortex. Neuroimage Jul 10(1):63–83

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Haymann LA, Hinck VC (1992) Clinical brain imaging. Normal structure and functional anatomy. Mosby Year Book, St Louis, pp 53–116

  14. Houde O, Mazoyer B, Tzourio-Mazoyer N (2002) Cerveau et Psychologie, vol 1. Presses Universitaires de France, Paris, pp 57–124

  15. Labar KS, Gitelman DR, Parrish TB, Mesulam M (1999) Neuroanatomic overlap of working memory and spatial attention networks: a functional MRI comparison within subjects. Neuroimage 10(6):695–704

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Lahlaidi A, Jiddane M (1996) Correlations anatomo-fonctionelles et imagerie de l‘encephale, vol 1. Livres Ibn Sina Rabat, Maroc, pp 227–277

  17. Mazoyer B, Tzourio N, Frak V et al (1993) The cortical representation of speech. J Cogn Neurosci 5(4):467–479

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Mazziotta JC, Toga AW, Frackowiak RSJ (2000) Brain mapping. The disorders 2000, vol 1. Academic, San Diego, pp 131–180

  19. Mega MS (2001) The entorhinal cortex in Alzheimer’s disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 204(4):267–282

    Google Scholar 

  20. Mesulam MM (2000) Principles of behavioral and cognitive neurology, vol 1, 2nd edn. Oxford university press, Oxford, pp 1–120

  21. Naidich TP, Valavanis AG, Kubik S (1995) Anatomic relationships along the low-middle convexity: part 1. Normal specimens and magnetic resonance imaging. Neurosurgery 36(3):517–532

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Nieuwenhuys R, Voogd J, Van Huijzen Chr (1988) The human central nervous system. A synopsis and Atlas, vol 1, 3rd edn. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 66–78

  23. Ono M, Kubik S, Abernathey CD (1990) Atlas of the cerebral sulci, vol 1. G.Thieme verlag, Stuttgart, pp 10–16

  24. Rademacher J, Morosan P, Schormann T et al (2001) Probabilistic mapping and volume measurement of human primary auditory cortex. Neuroimage 13(4):669–683

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Salamon G, Peretti-Viton P, Faure J et al (1992) Imagerie de l’oeil de l’oreille et du cerveau, vol 1. Springer, Paris, pp 87–179

  26. Salamon G, Huang YP (1976) Radiologic anatomy of the brain, vol 1. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 68–97

  27. Salamon G, Salamon-Murayama N, Mongkolwat P, Russell E (2003) MRI of the parietal lobe. Anatomic and radiologic correlations. In: Siegel A, Andersen RA, Freund HJ, Spencer D (eds) The Parietal lobe, Advances in Neurology, vol 1. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, pp 23–42

  28. Schaltenbrand G, Bailey P (1959) Introduction to stereotaxis with an Atlas of Human Brain. Thieme, Stuttgart, vol 3. (vol.2 plates 1 to 13)

  29. Singer M, Yakovlev PI (1954) The human brain in sagittal section, vol 1. Charles Thomas, Springfield

  30. Steinmetz H (1996) Structure, functional and cerebral asymmetry: in vivo morphometry of the planum temporale. Neurosci Behav Rev Winter 20(4):587–591

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Talairach J, David M, Tournoux P (1958) L’exploration chirurgicale stereotaxique du lobe temporal dans l’epilepsie temporale, vol 1. Masson, Paris

  32. Talairach J, Szikla G (1967) with Tournoux P, Prossalentis A, Bordas-Ferrer M, et al Atlas d’Anatomie streotaxique du telencephale. Etudes anatomo radiologiques, vol 1. Masson, Paris, pp 94–118

  33. Talairach J, Tournoux P (1988) Coplanar stereotaxic atlas of the human brain. 3-dimensionnal proportional system: an approach to cerebral imaging, vol 1. Thieme, Stuttgart, pp 61–80

  34. Tamraz JC, Comair YG (2000) Atlas of regional anatomy of the brain using MRI with functional correlations, vol 1. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 11–50

  35. Thompson PM, Woods PP, Mega MS, Toga AW (2000) Mathematical computational challenges in creating deformable and probabilistic atlases of the human brain. Human Brain Mapp 9(2):81–92

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Thompson PM, Mega MS, Woods PP et al (2001) Cortical change in Alzheimer disease detected with a disease specific population-based brain. Cereb Cortex 11:1–16

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Shattuck DW, Leahy RM (2002) BrainSuite: An Automated Cortical Surface Identification Tool. Med Image Anal 6(2):129–142

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Toga AW, Mazziotta JC (2000) Brain mapping. The systems, vol 1. Academic, San Diego, pp 3–32

Download references

Acknowledgements

All brain specimens with the exception of images from the Yakovlev-Hallem collection have been prepared in the Laboratory of Neuroradiology (G.Salamon) from the former INSERM Unit 6 Marseille (Directors H. Gastaut and P.Dell). M.Morel in this Institute has made all photographs of these specimens. The authors would like to thank The Curator of the Yakovlev – Hallem collection of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP) where they could study different documents related to this work The NIH Roadmap supported this work Initiative for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology U54 RR021813 funded by the NCRR, NCBC, and NIGMS.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. The David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Ave, BL-428 CHS, 951721, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1721, USA

    N. Salamon & G. Salamon

  2. Department of Neurology, Brain mapping center, The David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    N. Sicotte & D. Shattuck

  3. IIS, Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA

    P. Mongkolwat

Authors
  1. N. Salamon
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. N. Sicotte
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. P. Mongkolwat
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. D. Shattuck
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. G. Salamon
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to N. Salamon.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Salamon, N., Sicotte, N., Mongkolwat, P. et al. The human cerebral cortex on MRI: value of the coronal plane. Surg Radiol Anat 27, 431–443 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-005-0022-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-005-0022-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation