Abstract
Iron-rich orthopyroxene plays an important role in models of the thermal and magmatic evolution of the Moon, but its density at high pressure and high temperature is not well-constrained. We present in situ measurements of the unit-cell volume of a synthetic polycrystalline end-member orthoferrosilite (FeSiO3, fs) at simultaneous high pressures (3.4–4.8 GPa) and high temperatures (1,148–1,448 K), to improve constraints on the density of orthopyroxene in the lunar interior. Unit-cell volumes were determined through in situ energy-dispersive synchrotron X-ray diffraction in a multi-anvil press, using MgO as a pressure marker. Our volume data were fitted to a high-temperature Birch–Murnaghan equation of state (EoS). Experimental data are reproduced accurately, with a \(\varDelta P\) standard deviation of 0.20 GPa. The resulting thermoelastic parameters of fs are: V 0 = 875.8 ± 1.4 Å3, K 0 = 74.4 ± 5.3 GPa, and \(\frac{{\text d}K}{{\text d}T} = -0.032 \pm 0.005\,\hbox{GPa K}^{-1}\), assuming \({K}^{\prime}_{0} = 10 \). We also determined the thermal equation of state of a natural Fe-rich orthopyroxene from Hidra (Norway) to assess the effect of magnesium on the EoS of iron-rich orthopyroxene. Comparison between our two data sets and literature studies shows good agreement for room-temperature, room-pressure unit-cell volumes. Preliminary thermodynamic analyses of orthoferrosilite, FeSiO3, and orthopyroxene solid solutions, (Mg1−x Fe x ) SiO3, using vibrational models show that our volume measurements in pressure–temperature space are consistent with previous heat capacity and one-bar volume–temperature measurements. The isothermal bulk modulus at ambient conditions derived from our measurements is smaller than values presented in the literature. This new simultaneous high-pressure, high-temperature data are specifically useful for calculations of the orthopyroxene density in the Moon.
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Acknowledgments
We would like to thank Dr. Peter Brack at ETH Zűrich for kindly donating the natural sample. Furthermore, we would like to thank Josepha Kempl and Nachiketa Rai for their assistence in the preparation of the synthetic sample material, and Wynanda Koot for preparing run products for electron microprobe analysis and analysis with Mőssbauer spectroscopy. We also thank three anonymous reviewers for their critical comments. This work was funded through a European Science Foundation EURYI award to Wim van Westrenen.
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de Vries, J., Jacobs, M.H.G., van den Berg, A.P. et al. Thermal equation of state of synthetic orthoferrosilite at lunar pressures and temperatures. Phys Chem Minerals 40, 691–703 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00269-013-0605-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00269-013-0605-5