Abstract
The thermoelastic behaviour of anthophyllite has been determined for a natural crystal with crystal-chemical formula ANa0.01 B(Mg1.30Mn0.57Ca0.09Na0.04) C(Mg4.95Fe0.02Al0.03) T(Si8.00)O22 W(OH)2 using single-crystal X-ray diffraction to 973 K. The best model for fitting the thermal expansion data is that of Berman (J Petrol 29:445–522, 1988) in which the coefficient of volume thermal expansion varies linearly with T as α V,T = a 1 + 2a 2 (T − T 0): α298 = a 1 = 3.40(6) × 10−5 K−1, a 2 = 5.1(1.0) × 10−9 K−2. The corresponding axial thermal expansion coefficients for this linear model are: α a ,298 = 1.21(2) × 10−5 K−1, a 2,a = 5.2(4) × 10−9 K−2; α b ,298 = 9.2(1) × 10−6 K−1, a 2,b = 7(2) × 10−10 K−2. α c ,298 = 1.26(3) × 10−5 K−1, a 2,c = 1.3(6) × 10−9 K−2. The thermoelastic behaviour of anthophyllite differs from that of most monoclinic (C2/m) amphiboles: (a) the ε 1 − ε 2 plane of the unit-strain ellipsoid, which is normal to b in anthophyllite but usually at a high angle to c in monoclinic amphiboles; (b) the strain components are ε 1 ≫ ε 2 > ε 3 in anthophyllite, but ε 1 ~ ε 2 ≫ ε 3 in monoclinic amphiboles. The strain behaviour of anthophyllite is similar to that of synthetic C2/m ANa B(LiMg) CMg5 TSi8 O22 W(OH)2, suggesting that high contents of small cations at the B-site may be primarily responsible for the much higher thermal expansion ⊥(100). Refined values for site-scattering at M4 decrease from 31.64 epfu at 298 K to 30.81 epfu at 973 K, which couples with similar increases of those of M1 and M2 sites. These changes in site scattering are interpreted in terms of Mn ↔ Mg exchange involving M1,2 ↔ M4, which was first detected at 673 K.
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Acknowledgments
MDW gratefully acknowledges financial support from the CNR in the form of a 2009 Short-term mobility grant that allowed him to undertake experiments at CNR-IGG in Pavia. The Natural History Museum (London) is also thanked for providing financial support to MDW for this research. FC and RO acknowledge funding from the CNR project TA.01.004.002 and the MIUR-PRIN 2007 project “Complexity in minerals: modulation, phase transition, structural disorder”. We thank Associate Editor Milan Rieder and the reviewers Fabrizio Nestola and Giancarlo Della Ventura for their helpful comments on this manuscript.
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Welch, M.D., Cámara, F. & Oberti, R. Thermoelasticity and high-T behaviour of anthophyllite. Phys Chem Minerals 38, 321–334 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00269-010-0406-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00269-010-0406-z