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The Approach to Typology of The Biocultural Landscape In Slovakia

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Abstract

The European Landscape Convention aims to promote landscape protection, management and planning. This must be done based on identification and knowledge of those basic landscape types that were created by the interaction of human and nature over the course of historical development. This paper presents a methodological approach for creation and evaluation of representative biocultural types of landscape, in order to elaborate an effective strategy for landscape protection, and proposes a management strategy of sustainable use of representative biocultural landscapes of Slovakia. That will ensure the regular maintenance of the landscape in view of current global trends and factors affecting the landscape. Our interdisciplinary approach is based on previous landscape classifications and the interaction of natural and cultural elements. The classification of the biocultural landscape is obtained as a result of multi-criteria analysis in GIS and synthesis of maps of potential vegetation, real ecosystems and current land use, abiotic conditions of representative geoecosystems of Slovakia, and other specific statistical data. We assessed the perception and significance of individual landscape types by way of a questionnaire survey. In Slovakia, seven basic types of landscape were singled out, ranging from natural to semi-natural to anthropogenic, within which other subtypes were specified. We assessed the protection of individual types, as well as threats and degradation of the landscape. Insufficient protection is given to the most valuable types of biocultural landscape and new tools and methods of support and protection have to be implemented.

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Data availability

The datasets generated and analyzed during the current study are available in publicly available repositories: digital database of Corine Land Cover (EEA 2018a), Statistical data about settlements (eGovernment 2021), tourist regions and spa resorts (Slovak Region 2021) or were published open access: Map of Slovakia’s ecosystems (Černecký et al. 2020), information about dispersed settlement (Petrovič 2006).

Code availability

(software application or custom code) Quantum GIS 3.10 software: Union Tool, ILWIS 3.7.2 software.

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Funding

This work was supported by the Scientific Grant Agency of Ministry of Education of the Slovak Republic [No. 2/0135/22 “Research of specific landscape elements of bio-cultural landscape in Slovakia”].

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  1. Institute of Landscape Ecology Slovak Academy of Science, Bratislava, Slovakia

    Zita Izakovičová, Jana Špulerová & Ivana Kozelová

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  1. Zita Izakovičová
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  2. Jana Špulerová
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  3. Ivana Kozelová
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Contributions

JŠ and ZI contributed to the study conception and design. IK performed data and analysis. All authors read and approved the final paper.

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Correspondence to Zita Izakovičová.

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Izakovičová, Z., Špulerová, J. & Kozelová, I. The Approach to Typology of The Biocultural Landscape In Slovakia. Environmental Management 70, 746–762 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-022-01695-8

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