Ator SW, Blomquist JD, Webber JS, Chanat JG (2020) Factors driving nutrient trends in streams of the chesapeake bay watershed. J Environ Qual 49(4):812–834. https://doi.org/10.1002/jeq2.20101
CAS
Article
Google Scholar
Bonada N, Prat N, Resh VH, Statzner B (2006) Developments in aquatic insect biomonitoring: a comparative analysis of recent approaches. Annu Rev Entomol 51:495–523. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ento.51.110104.151124
CAS
Article
Google Scholar
Booth DB, Jackson CR (1997) Urbanization of aquatic systems: degradation thresholds, stormwater detection, and the limits of mitigation 1. J Am Water Resour Assoc 33(5):1077–1090. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1997.tb04126.x
Article
Google Scholar
Breiman L (2001) Random forests. Mach Learn 45(1):5–32
Article
Google Scholar
Bruno MC, Cashman MJ, Maiolini B, Biffi S, Zolezzi G (2016) Responses of benthic invertebrates to repeated hydropeaking in semi‐natural flume simulations. Ecohydrology 9:68–82. https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.1611
Article
Google Scholar
Buchanan BP, Auerbach DA, McManamay RA, Taylor JM, Flecker AS, Archibald JA, Fuka DR, Walter MT (2017) Environmental flows in the context of unconventional natural gas development in the Marcellus Shale. Ecol Appl 27(1):37–55. https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.1425
Article
Google Scholar
Buchanan C, Moltz H, Haywood HC, Palmer J, Griggs A (2013) A test of the Ecological Limits of Hydrologic Alteration (ELOHA) method for determining environmental flows. Freshw Biol 58(12):2632–2647. https://doi.org/10.1111/fwb.12240
Article
Google Scholar
Buchanan C, Maloney KO, Smith ZM, Nagel A, Young J (2018) Creating a stream health baseline for the Chesapeake basin from monitoring and model data. Interim report presented to the Stream Health Working Group of the Chesapeake Bay Program. https://www.potomacriver.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/PRC19-2_Buchanan.pdf
Bunn SE, Arthington AH (2002) Basic principles and ecological consequences of altered flow regimes for aquatic biodiversity. Environ Manage 30(4):492–507. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-002-2737-0
Article
Google Scholar
Carlisle DM, Falcone J, Wolock DM, Meador MR, Norris RH (2010) Predicting the natural flow regime: models for assessing hydrological alteration in streams. River Res Appl 26(2):118–136. https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.1247
Article
Google Scholar
Carlisle DM, Wolock DM, Meador MR (2011) Alteration of streamflow magnitudes and potential ecological consequences: a multiregional assessment. Front Ecol Environ 9(5):264–270. https://doi.org/10.1890/100053
Article
Google Scholar
Carlisle DM, Nelson SM, Eng K (2014) Macroinvertebrate community condition associated with the severity of streamflow alteration. River Res Appl 30(1):29–39. https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.2626
Article
Google Scholar
Carlisle DM, Grantham TE, Eng K, Wolock DM (2017) Biological relevance of streamflow metrics: regional and national perspectives. Freshw Sci 36(4):927–940. https://doi.org/10.1086/694913
Article
Google Scholar
Carlisle DM, Wolock DM, Konrad C, McCabe GJ, Eng K, Grantham TE (2019) Flow modification in the Nation’s streams and rivers. U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1461
Carter JL, Resh VH, Hannaford MJ (2017) Macroinvertebrates as biotic indicators of environmental quality. In: Hauer FR, Lamberti GA (eds.) Methods in stream ecology, 3rd edn. Elsevier, Cambridge, MA, p 293–318
Chapter
Google Scholar
Chesapeake Bay Program (2017) Stream health management strategy. https://www.chesapeakebay.net/documents/22039/2020-2021_stream_health_management_strategy.pdf. Accessed 16 Jul 2020
Covich AP, Palmer MA, Crowl TA (1999) The role of benthic invertebrate species in freshwater ecosystems: Zoobenthic species influence energy flows and nutrient cycling. BioScience 49(2):119–127. https://doi.org/10.2307/1313537
Article
Google Scholar
Cullmann AD (2019) HandTill2001: multiple class area under ROC curve. R package version 1.0.0. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=HandTill2001
Davies PJ, Wright IA, Findlay SJ, Jonasson OJ, Burgin (2010) Impact of urban development on aquatic macroinvertebrates in south eastern Australia: degradation of in-stream habitats and comparison with non-urban streams. Aquat Ecol 44:685–700. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10452-009-9307-y
Article
Google Scholar
Deweber JT, Tsang Y, Krueger DM, Whittier JB, Wagner T, Infante DM, Whelan G (2014) Importance of understanding landscape biases in USGS gage locations: implications and solutions for managers. Fisheries 39(4):155–163. https://doi.org/10.1080/03632415.2014.891503
Article
Google Scholar
Döll P, Fiedle K, Zhang J (2009) Global-scale analysis of river flow alterations due to water withdrawals and reservoirs. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 13(12):2413
Article
Google Scholar
Dunbar MJ, Warren M, Extence C, Baker L, Cadman D, Mould DJ, Hall J, Chadd R (2010) Interaction between macroinvertebrates, discharge and physical habitat in upland rivers. Aquatic Conserv: Mar Freshw Ecosyst 20:S31–S44
Article
Google Scholar
Dupigny-Giroux LA, Mecray EL, Lemcke-Stampone MD, Hodgkins GA, Lentz EE, Mills KE, Lane ED, Miller R, Hollinger DY, Solecki WD, Wellenius GA, Sheffield PE, MacDonald AB, Caldwell C (2018) Northeast. Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II. In: Reidmiller, DR, Avery CW, Easterling DR, Kunkel KE, Lewis KLM, Maycock TK, Stewart BC (eds.) U.S. Global Change Research Program, Washington, DC, USA, p 669–742. https://doi.org/10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH18
Eng K, Carlisle DM, Wolock DM, Falcone JA (2013) Predicting the likelihood of altered streamflows at ungauged rivers across the conterminous United States. River Res Appl 29(6):781–791. https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.2565
Article
Google Scholar
Eng K, Grantham TE, Carlisle DM, Wolock DM (2017) Predictability and selection of hydrologic metrics in riverine ecohydrology. Freshw Sci 36(4):915–926. https://doi.org/10.1086/694912
Article
Google Scholar
Eng K, Carlisle DM, Grantham TE, Wolock DM, Eng RL (2019) Severity and extent of alterations to natural streamflow regimes based on hydrologic metrics in the conterminous United States, 1980–2014. U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2019-5001, p 25. https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20195001
Falcone JA, Carlisle DM, Wolock DM, Meador MR (2010) GAGES: A stream gage database for evaluating natural and altered flow conditions in the conterminous United States. Ecology 91(2):621–621. https://doi.org/10.1890/09-0889.1
Article
Google Scholar
Freeman EA, Moisen G (2008) PresenceAbsence: an R package for presence-absence model analysis. J Stat Softw 23(11):1–31. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v023.i11
Article
Google Scholar
Gomi T, Sidle RC, Richardson JS (2002) Understanding processes and downstream linkages of headwater systems: headwaters differ from downstream reaches by their close coupling to hillslope processes, more temporal and spatial variation, and their need for different means of protection from land use. BioScience 52(10):905–916. https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2002)052[0905:UPADLO]2.0.CO;2
Article
Google Scholar
Graf WL (2006) Downstream hydrologic and geomorphic effects of large dams on American rivers. Geomorphology 79(3–4):336–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.06.022
Article
Google Scholar
Hill RA, Fox EW, Leibowitz SG, Olsen AR, Thornbrugh D, Weber MH (2017) Predictive mapping of the biotic condition of conterminous US rivers and streams. Ecol Appl 27(8):2397–2415. https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.1617
Article
Google Scholar
Hirzel AH, Le Lay G, Helfer V, Randin C, Guisan A (2006) Evaluating the ability of habitat suitability models to predict species presences. Ecol Model 199(2):142–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.05.017
Article
Google Scholar
Homer C, Dewitz J, Yang L, Jin S, Danielson P, Xian G, Coulston J, Herold N, Wickham J, Megown K (2015) Completion of the 2011 National Land Cover Database for the conterminous United States–representing a decade of land cover change information. Photogramm Eng Remote Sensing 81(5):345–354
Google Scholar
Hughes RM, Dunham S, Maas-Hebner KG, Yeakley JA, Schreck C, Harte M, Molina N, Shock CC, Kaczynski VW, Schaeffer J (2014a) A review of urban water body challenges and approaches: (1) rehabilitation and remediation. Fisheries 39(1):18–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/03632415.2013.836500.
Article
Google Scholar
Hughes RM, Dunham S, Maas-Hebner KG, Yeakley JA, Harte M, Molina N, Shock CC, Kaczynski VW (2014b) A review of urban water body challenges and approaches: (2) mitigating effects of future urbanization. Fisheries 39(1):30–40. https://doi.org/10.1080/03632415.2014.866507
Article
Google Scholar
Kennen JG, Kauffman LJ, Ayers MA, Wolock DM, Colarullo SJ (2008) Use of an integrated flow model to estimate ecologically relevant hydrologic characteristics at stream biomonitoring sites. Ecol Model 211(1-2):57–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.08.014
Article
Google Scholar
Kennen JG, Riskin ML, Charles EG (2014) Effects of streamflow reductions on aquatic macroinvertebrates: linking groundwater withdrawals and assemblage response in southern New Jersey streams, USA. Hydrol Sci J 59(3–4):545–561. https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2013.877139
Article
Google Scholar
King RS, Baker ME, Whigham DF, Weller DE, Jordan TE, Kazyak PF, Hurd MK (2005) Spatial considerations for linking watershed land cover to ecological indicators in streams. Ecol Appl 15(1):137–153. https://doi.org/10.1890/04-0481
Article
Google Scholar
Klaar M, Dunbar MJ, Warren M, Soley R (2014) Developing hydroecological models to inform environmental flow standards: a case study from England. WIREs Water 1:207–217. https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1012
Article
Google Scholar
Knight RR, Murphy JC, Wolfe WJ, Saylor CF, Wales AK (2014) Ecological limit functions relating fish community response to hydrologic departures of the ecological flow regime in the Tennessee River basin, United States. Ecohydrology 7:1260–1280. https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.1460
Article
Google Scholar
Kuhn M (2020) caret: Classification and regression training. R package version 6.0-85. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=caret
Landis JR, Koch GG (1977) The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics 33:159–174
CAS
Article
Google Scholar
Lele SR, Keim JL, Solymos P (2019) ResourceSelection: resource selection (Probability) functions for use-availability data. R package version 0.3-5. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=ResourceSelection
Leopold LB, Wolman MG, Miller JP (1964) Fluvial processes in geomorphology. W. H. Freeman & Sons, San Francisco
Liaw WienerM (2002) Classification and regression by randomForest. R News 2(3):18–22
Google Scholar
Maloney KO, Smith ZM, Buchanan C, Nagel A, Young JA (2018) Predicting biological conditions for small headwater streams in the Chesapeake Bay watershed. Freshw Sci 37(4):795–809. https://doi.org/10.1086/700701
Article
Google Scholar
Maloney KO, Krause KP, Buchanan C, Hay LE, McCabe GJ, Smith ZM, Sohl TL, Young JA (2020) Disentangling the potential effects of land‐use and climate change on stream conditions. Glob Change Biol 26(4):2251–2269. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14961
Article
Google Scholar
Matthaei CD, Piggott JJ, Townsend CR (2010) Multiple stressors in agricultural streams: interactions among sediment addition, nutrient enrichment and water abstraction. J Appl Ecol 47(3):639–649. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01809.x
Article
Google Scholar
Meyer JL, Strayer DL, Wallace JB, Eggert SL, Helfman GS, Leonard NE (2007) The contribution of headwater streams to biodiversity in river networks1. J Am Water Resour Assoc 43(1):86–103. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00008.x
Article
Google Scholar
Moltz HLN, Palmer JB, Smith ZM (2018) Streamflow alteration from impervious cover: are all watersheds created equal? J Am Water Resour Assoc 54(6):1222–1238. https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.12681
Article
Google Scholar
Monk WA, Compson ZG, Armanini DG, Orlofske JM, Curry CJ, Peters DL, Crocker JB, Baird DJ (2018) Flow velocity–ecology thresholds in Canadian rivers: a comparison of trait and taxonomy‐based approaches. Freshw Biol 63(8):891–905. https://doi.org/10.1111/fwb.13030
Article
Google Scholar
Murphy JC, Knight RR, Wolfe WJ, Gain WS (2013) Predicting ecological flow regime at ungaged sites: a comparison of methods. River Res Appl 29(5):660–669. https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.2570
Article
Google Scholar
Noe GB, Cashman MJ, Skalak K, Gellis A, Hopkins KG, Moyer D, Webber J, Benthem A, Maloney K, Brakebill J, Sekellick A (2020) Sediment dynamics and implications for management: state of the science from long‐term research in the Chesapeake Bay watershed, USA. Wiley Interdiscip Rev: Water 7(4):e1454. https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1454
Article
Google Scholar
Nilsson C, Reidy CA, Dynesius M, Revenga C (2005) Fragmentation and flow regulation of the world’s large river systems. Science 308(5720):405–408. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1107887
CAS
Article
Google Scholar
Patrick CJ, Yuan LL (2017) Modeled hydrologic metrics show links between hydrology and the functional composition of stream assemblages. Ecol Appl 27(5):1605–1617. https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.1554
Article
Google Scholar
Pegg MA, Pierce CL, Roy A (2003) Hydrologic alteration along the Missouri River Basin: a time series approach. Aquat Sci 65:63–72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s000270300005
Article
Google Scholar
Pervez MS, Brown JF (2010) Mapping irrigated lands at 250-m scale by merging MODIS data and national agricultural statistics. Remote Sens. 2(10):2388–2412. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs2102388
Article
Google Scholar
Phelan J, Cuffney T, Patterson L, Eddy M, Dykes R, Pearsall S, Goudreau C, Mead J, Tarver F (2017) Fish and invertebrate flow‐biology relationships to support the determination of ecological flows for North Carolina. J Am Water Resour Assoc 53(1):42–55. https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.12497
Article
Google Scholar
Poff NL (1997) Landscape filters and species traits: towards mechanistic understanding and prediction in stream ecology. J North Am Benthol Soc 16(2):391–409. https://doi.org/10.2307/1468026
Article
Google Scholar
Poff NL, Allan JD, Bain MB, Karr JR, Prestegaard KL, Richter BD, Sparks RE, Stromberg JC (1997) The natural flow regime. BioScience 47(11):769–784. https://doi.org/10.2307/1313099
Article
Google Scholar
Poff NL, Olden JD, Merritt DM, Pepin DM (2007) Homogenization of regional river dynamics by dams and global biodiversity implications. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104(14):5732–5737. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0609812104
CAS
Article
Google Scholar
Poff NL, Zimmerman JK (2010) Ecological responses to altered flow regimes: a literature review to inform the science and management of environmental flows. Freshw Biol 55(1):194–205. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02272.x
Article
Google Scholar
Poff NL, Richter BD, Arthington AH, Bunn SE, Naiman RJ, Kendy E, Acreman M, Apse C, Bledso BP, Freeman M, Henriksen J (2010) The ecological limits of hydrologic alteration (ELOHA): a new framework for developing regional environmental flow standards. Freshw Biol 55(1):147–170. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02204.x
Article
Google Scholar
Power ME, Sun A, Parker G, Dietrich WE, Wootton JT (1995) Hydraulic food-chain models: an approach to the study of food-web dynamics in large rivers. BioScience 45(3):159–167. https://doi.org/10.2307/1312555
Article
Google Scholar
Pyne MI, Poff NL (2017) Vulnerability of stream community composition and function to projected thermal warming and hydrologic change across ecoregions in the western United States. Glob Change Biol 23(1):77–93. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13437
Article
Google Scholar
R Core Team (2020) R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. https://www.R-project.org/
Rapp JL, Burgholzer RW, Kleiner JE, Scott D, Passero EM (2020) Application of a new species‐richness based flow ecology framework for assessing flow reduction effects on aquatic communities. J Am Water Resour Assoc. https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.12877
Reid DJ, Scarsbrook MR, Wright-Stow AE, van Houte-Howes KSS, Joy K (2012) Water quality and benthic macroinvertebrate communities in karst landscapes of North Island, New Zealand: influences of water sources, habitat type and anthropogenic disturbances. N Z J Mar Freshwater Res 46(2):263–277. https://doi.org/10.1080/00288330.2011.644856
CAS
Article
Google Scholar
Richter BD, Baumgartner JV, Powell J, Braun DP (1996) A method for assessing hydrological alteration within ecosystems. Conserv Biol 10:1163–1174. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1996.10041163.x
Article
Google Scholar
Riley WD, Potter EC, Biggs J, Collins AL, Jarvie HP, Jones JI, Kelly-Quinn M, Ormerod SJ, Sear DA, Wilby RL, Broadmeadow S et al. (2018) Small water bodies in Great Britain and Ireland: ecosystem function, human-generated degradation, and options for restorative action. Sci Total Environ 645:1598–1616. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.243
CAS
Article
Google Scholar
Schmidt TS, Van Metre PC, Carlisle DM (2019) Linking the agricultural landscape of the midwest to stream health with structural equation modeling. Environ Sci Technol 53(1):452–462. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b04381
CAS
Article
Google Scholar
Smith, ZM, Buchanan C, Nagel A (2017) Refinement of the basin-wide Index of Biotic Integrity for non-tidal streams and wadeable rivers in the Chesapeake Bay watershed. ICPRB Report 17-2. https://www.potomacriver.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/ChessieBIBI_Report_Final_5-25-2017.pdf. Accessed 16 Jul 2020
Snyder CD, Young JA (2020) Identification of management thresholds of urban development in support of aquatic biodiversity conservation. Ecol Indic 112:106124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106124
Article
Google Scholar
Stoddard JL, Larsen DP, Hawkins CP, Johnson RK, Norris RH (2006) Setting expectations for the ecological condition of streams: the concept of reference condition. Ecol Appl 16(4):1267–1276. https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[1267:SEFTEC]2.0.CO;2
Article
Google Scholar
Swets JA (1988) Measuring the accuracy of diagnostic systems. Science 240:1285–1293. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.3287615
CAS
Article
Google Scholar
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACOE), The Nature Conservancy (TNC), and Interstate Commission on the Potomac River Basin (ICPRB) (2014) Middle Potomac River Watershed Assessment: Potomac River Sustainable Flow and Water Resources Analysis. Final Report. p 107. https://www.potomacriver.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/MPRWA_FinalReport_April20141.pdf. Accessed 16 Jul 2020
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2013. Level III and IV ecoregions of the continental United States. U.S. EPA, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Corvallis, Oregon. https://www.epa.gov/eco-research/level-iii-and-iv-ecoregions-continental-united-states. Accessed 16 Sep 2020
Vander Laan JJ, Hawkins CP (2014) Enhancing the performance and interpretation of freshwater biological indices: an application in arid zone streams. Ecol Indic 36:470–482. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.09.006
Article
Google Scholar
Vannote RL, Minshall GW, Cummins KW, Sedell JR, Cushing CE (1980) The river continuum concept. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 37(1):130–137. https://doi.org/10.1139/f80-017
Article
Google Scholar
Venables WN, Ripley BD (2002) Modern applied statistics with S, 4th edn. Springer, New York
Walsh CJ, Roy AH, Feminella JW, Cottingham PD, Groffman PM, Morgan RP (2005) The urban stream syndrome: current knowledge and the search for a cure. J North Am Benthol Soc 24(3):706–723. https://doi.org/10.1899/04-028.1
Article
Google Scholar
Webb JA, de Little SC, Miller KA, Stewardson MJ (2018) Quantifying and predicting the benefits of environmental flows: Combining large‐scale monitoring data and expert knowledge within hierarchical Bayesian models. Freshw Biol 63(8):831–843. https://doi.org/10.1111/fwb.13069
Article
Google Scholar
Wickham J, Stehman SV, Gass L, Dewitz JA, Sorenson DG, Granneman BJ, Poss RV, Baer LA (2017) Thematic accuracy assessment of the 2011 national land cover database (NLCD). Remote Sens Environ 191:328–341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2016.12.026
Article
Google Scholar
Wieczorek ME, Jackson SE, Schwarz GE (2018) Select attributes for NHDPlus Version 2.1 Reach Catchments and Modified Network Routed Upstream Watersheds for the Conterminous United States. U.S. Geological Survey. https://doi.org/10.5066/F7765D7V
Yarnell SM, Stein ED, Webb JA, Grantham T, Lusardi RA, Zimmerman J, Peek RA, Lane BA, Howard J, Sandoval‐Solis S (2020) A functional flows approach to selecting ecologically relevant flow metrics for environmental flow applications. River Res Appl 36(2):318–324. https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.3575
Article
Google Scholar