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Abundance of Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) Affects Group Characteristics and Use of Space by Golden-Headed Lion Tamarins (Leontopithecus chrysomelas) in Cabruca Agroforest

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Abstract

Cabruca is an agroforest of cacao trees shaded by native forest trees. It is the predominant vegetation type throughout eastern part of the range of the golden-headed lion tamarins, Leontopithecus chrysomelas, an endangered primate endemic to Atlantic Forest. Understanding how lion tamarins use this agroforest is a conservation priority. To address this question, we documented the diet, home range size, group sizes and composition, density, number of litters and body condition of lion tamarins living in cabruca, and other habitats. Jackfruit, Artocarpus heterophyllus, was the most used species used by lion tamarins in cabruca and was widely available and used throughout the year. In cabruca, home range size was the smallest (22–28 ha) and density of lion tamarins was the highest (1.7 ind/ha) reported for the species. Group size averaged 7.4 individuals and was not significantly different among the vegetation types. In cabruca, groups produced one or two litters a year, and all litters were twins. Adult males in cabruca were significantly heavier than males in primary forest. Our study is the first to demonstrate that breeding groups of golden-headed lion tamarins can survive and reproduce entirely within cabruca agroforest. Jackfruit proved to be a keystone resource for lion tamarins in cabruca, and bromeliads were important as an animal prey foraging microhabitat. In cases where cabruca contains concentrated resources, such as jackfruit and bromeliads, lion tamarins may not only survive and reproduce but may fare better than in other forest types, at least for body condition and reproduction.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis—IBAMA) for the permits to capture the groups. We are grateful to the owners and their employees of the Fazenda Almada, Santa Rita, Riachuelo and São José and the private reserves (RPPNs) Ararauna and Serra do Teimoso for allowing us to conduct our study in their properties and for the support provided for the field team. We also thank our field assistants Daniel Batista, Gilván Gomes Mota, Gilvânio Gomes Mota, José Renato, Jiomário dos Santos Souza, Edimalvan da Purificação and Paula Roberta Pedreira dos Reis. To Götz Schroth for suggestions on an early version of the manuscript and to Sara Ziegler for helping with the figures. Financial support was provided to BER and JMD by the Lion Tamarins of Brazil Fund, World Wildlife Fund-US, the Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust, the Margot Marsh Biodiversity Foundation, and the Tulsa Zoo, to BER by Sigma Xi, and to LCO by University of Maryland (UM) Biology Department, Seeds of Change, Lion Tamarins of Brazil Fund, the Wildlife Conservation Society, International Foundation of Science, The Rufford Small Grants Foundation and Idea Wild. LCO received doctoral fellowships from the University of Maryland (Board of Visitors, Ann G. Wylie Dissertation Fund, Drs. Wayne T. and Mary T. Hockmeyer Doctoral Fellowship), and CAPES/Fulbright (Fundação Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—CAPES/Fulbright).

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  1. Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA

    Leonardo C. Oliveira & James M. Dietz

  2. Núcleo de Biodiversidade, Institudo de Estudos Socioambientais do Sul da Bahia (IESB), Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil

    Leonardo C. Oliveira & Leonardo G. Neves

  3. Conservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC, USA

    Becky E. Raboy

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  1. Leonardo C. Oliveira
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C. Oliveira, L., G. Neves, L., E. Raboy, B. et al. Abundance of Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) Affects Group Characteristics and Use of Space by Golden-Headed Lion Tamarins (Leontopithecus chrysomelas) in Cabruca Agroforest. Environmental Management 48, 248–262 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-010-9582-3

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