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Gynecomastia: Ultrasound-Confirmed Classification Pertainent to Surgical Correction

  • Original Article
  • Breast Surgery
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Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Background

Gynecomastia is the most common form of breast alteration in men, due to proliferation of the gland ducts and stromal components, including fat. In addition to the most obvious indications (weight loss, pharmacotherapy, and drugs suspension), the surgical treatment is needed for long-standing gynecomastia, combining liposuction, adenectomy, partial mammary adenectomy, periareolar skin resection, and round-block suture.

Materials and Methods

A retrospective study was conducted on 148 patients undergoing gynecomastia correction from May 2012 to April 2018. Follow-up ranged from 9 to 14 months. The authors propose a new ultrasound-confirmed classification system, dividing patients into six categories. The authors analyzed immediate complications, revision, recurrence, and minor aesthetic problems (retracted/depressed areas) and introduced a way to correct the irregularities with fat grafting and needles.

Results

The total complication rate was 11.5% (17/148). Most of the complications (11) were observed in patients who underwent glandular resection and 3 after liposuction only. Retrospective surveys about patients’ and surgeons’ satisfaction were performed, showing excellent feedbacks regarding the results accomplished.

Conclusions

The simple classification helps surgeons choose the most suitable approach, avoiding insufficient or invasive treatments and undesirable scars. Moreover, the analysis of the type of sequelae and their correction allow high patients’ satisfaction.

Level of evidence IV

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Funding

No financial support or benefits have been received by any author. We do not have any relationship with any commercial source related directly or indirectly to this scientific paper.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plastic Surgery Unit, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine BIOMETRA, Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Plastic Surgery School, University of Milan, Via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, MI, Italy

    Marco Klinger, Valeria Bandi, Silvia Giannasi, Alessandra Veronesi, Luca Maione, Barbara Catania, Andrea Lisa & Andrea Battistini

  2. Plastic Surgery Unit, MultiMedica Holding S.p.A., Reconstructive and Aesthetic Plastic Surgery School, University of Milan, Via Milanese 300, 20089, Sesto San Giovanni, MI, Italy

    Fabio Caviggioli & Francesco Klinger

  3. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy

    Valeriano Vinci

  4. Humanitas Clinical and Research Center – IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy

    Valeriano Vinci

  5. Department of Surgery, IRCCS Clinical and Research Institute Humanitas, Via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, MI, Italy

    Corrado Tinterri & Alberto Testori

Authors
  1. Marco Klinger
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  2. Valeria Bandi
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  3. Silvia Giannasi
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  4. Fabio Caviggioli
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  5. Alessandra Veronesi
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  6. Luca Maione
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  7. Barbara Catania
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  8. Andrea Lisa
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  9. Andrea Battistini
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  10. Corrado Tinterri
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  11. Alberto Testori
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  12. Valeriano Vinci
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  13. Francesco Klinger
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Marco Klinger.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

Approval was obtained from the ethics committee of Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital and MultiMedica Holding Spa. The procedures used in this study adhere to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki.

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Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Klinger, M., Bandi, V., Giannasi, S. et al. Gynecomastia: Ultrasound-Confirmed Classification Pertainent to Surgical Correction. Aesth Plast Surg 45, 1397–1403 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-021-02187-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-021-02187-6

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