Skip to main content
Log in

Structure and resilience of the social network in an insect colony as a function of colony size

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Social interactions are critical to the organization of worker activities in insect colonies and their consequent ecological success. The structure of this interaction network is therefore crucial to our understanding of colony organization and functioning. In this paper, I study the properties of the interaction network in the colonies of the social wasp Ropalidia marginata. I find that the network is characterized by a uniform connectivity among individuals with increasing heterogeneity as colonies become larger. Important network parameters are found to be correlated with colony size and I investigate how this is reflected in the organization of work in colonies of different sizes. Finally, I test the resilience of these interaction networks by experimental removal of individuals from the colony and discuss the structural properties of the network that are related to resilience in a social network.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Albert R, Jeong H, Barabási A (2000) Error and attack tolerance of complex networks. Nature 406:378–382

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Amaral LAN, Scala A, Barthélemy M, Stanley HE (2000) Classes of small-world networks. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97:11149–11152

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson C, Ratnieks FLW (1999) Task partitioning in insect societies. I. Effect of colony size on queueing delay and colony ergonomic efficiency. Am Nat 154:521–535

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Barabási A, Albert R (1999) Emergence of scaling in random networks. Science 286:509–512

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Beshers SN, Huang ZY, Oono Y, Robinson GE (2001) Social inhibition and the regulation of temporal polyethism in honey bees. J Theor Biol 213:461–479

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bonabeau E, Dorigo M, Theraulaz G (2000) Inspiration for optimization from social insect behaviour. Nature 406:39–42

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Camazine S, Deneubourg JL, Franks NR, Sneyd J, Theraulaz G, Bonabeau E (2001) Self-organization in biological systems. Princeton University Press, Princeton

    Google Scholar 

  • Crailsheim K (1998) Trophallactic interactions in the adult honeybee (Apis mellifera L.). Apidologie 29:97–112

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Croft DP, Krause J, James R (2004) Social networks in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata). Proc R Soc Lond B (Suppl) 271:S516–S519

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dunne JA, Williams RJ, Martinez ND (2002a) Food-web structure and network theory: the role of connectance and size. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99:12917–12922

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dunne JA, Williams RJ, Martinez ND (2002b) Network structure and biodiversity loss in food webs: robustness increases with connectance. Ecol Lett 5:558–567

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fewell JH (2003) Social insect networks. Science 301:1867–1870

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fewell JH, Bertram SM (1999) Division of labor in a dynamic environment: response by honeybees (Apis mellifera) to graded changes in colony pollen stores. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 46:171–79

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gautrais J, Theraulaz G, Deneubourg JL, Anderson C (2002) Emergent polyethism as a consequence of increased colony size in insect societies. J Theor Biol 215:363–373

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gordon DM (1999) Interaction patterns and task allocation in ant colonies. In: Detrain C, Deneubourg JL, Pasteels JM (eds) Information processing in social insects. Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel, pp 51–67

    Google Scholar 

  • Gordon DM, Goodwin BC, Trainor LEH (1992) A parallel distributed model of the behavior of ant colonies. J Theor Biol 156:293–307

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gordon DM, Paul RE, Thorpe K (1993) What is the function of encounter patterns in ant colonies? Anim Behav 45:1083–100

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huang ZY, Robinson GE (1992) Honeybee colony integration—worker–worker interactions mediate hormonally regulated plasticity in division of labor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89:11726–29

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • James R, Croft DP, Krause J (2009) Potential banana skins in animal social network analysis. Behav Ecol Sociobiol. doi:10.1007/s00265-009-0742-5

  • Jeanne RL (1999) Group size, productivity, and information flow in social wasps. In: Detrain C, Deneubourg JL, Pasteels JM (eds) Information processing in social insects. Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel, pp 3–30

    Google Scholar 

  • Jeanson R, Fewell JH, Gorelick R, Bertram SM (2007) Emergence of increased division of labor as a function of group size. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 62:289–298

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karsai I, Wenzel JW (1998) Productivity, individual-level and colony-level flexibility, and organization of work as consequences of colony size. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95:8665–8669

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krause J, Croft DP, James R (2007) Social network theory in the behavioural sciences: potential applications. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 62:15–27

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krause J, Lusseau D, James R (2009) Animal social networks: an introduction. Behav Ecol Sociobiol. doi:10.1007/s00265-009-0747-0

  • Lusseau D (2003) The emergent properties of a dolphin social network. Proc R Soc Lond B 240:S186–S188

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mailleux A-C, Deneubourg JL, Detrain C (2003) How does colony growth influence communication in ants? Insectes Soc 50:24–31

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Naug D (2001) Ergonomic mechanisms for handling variable amounts of work in colonies of the wasp Ropalidia marginata. Ethology 107:1115–1123

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Naug D (2008) Structure of the social network and its influence on transmission dynamics in a honeybee colony. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 62:1719–1725

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Naug D, Camazine S (2002) The role of colony organization in pathogen transmission in social insects. J Theor Biol 215:427–439

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Naug D, Gadagkar R (1999) Flexible division of labor mediated by social interactions in an insect colony: a simulation model. J Theor Biol 97:123–33

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Naug D, Smith BH (2007) Experimentally induced change in infectious period affects transmission dynamics in a social group. Proc R Soc Lond B 274:61–65

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Naug D, Wenzel J (2006) Constraints on foraging success due to resource ecology limit colony productivity in social insects. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 60:62–68

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Newman MEJ (2003) The structure and function of complex networks. SIAM Rev 45:167–256

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nicolis SC, Theraulaz G, Deneubourg JL (2005) The effect of aggregates on interaction rate in ant colonies. Anim Behav 69:535–540

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Donnell S (1998) Effects of experimental forager removals on division of labour in the primitively eusocial wasp Polistes instabilis (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Behaviour 135:173–193

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Donnell S, Bulova SJ (2007a) Worker connectivity: a review of the design of worker communication systems and their effects on task performance in insect societies. Insect Soc 54:203–210

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Donnell S, Bulova SJ (2007b) Worker connectivity: a simulation model of variation in worker communication and its effects on task performance. Insect Soc 54:211–218

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oster GF, Wilson EO (1978) Caste and Ecology in the Social Insects. Princeton University Press, Princeton

    Google Scholar 

  • Pacala SW, Gordon DM, Godfray HCJ (1996) Effects of social group size on information transfer and task allocation. Evol Ecol 10:127–165

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schmid-Hempel P (1998) Parasites in social insects. Princeton University Press, Princeton

    Google Scholar 

  • Seeley TD (1979) Queen substance dispersal by messenger workers in honeybee colonies. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 5:391–395

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Seeley TD (1995) The wisdom of the hive: the social physiology of honey bee colonies. Harvard University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomas ML, Elgar MA (2003) Colony size affects division of labour in the ponerine ant Rhytidoponera metallica. Naturwissenschaften 90:88–92

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • van Honk C, Hogeweg P (1981) The ontogeny of the social structure in a captive Bombus terrestris colony. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 9:111–119

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Watts DJ, Strogatz SH (1998) Collective dynamics of ‘small-world’ networks. Nature 393:440–442

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson EO, Hölldobler B (1988) Dense heterarchies and mass communication as the basis of organization in ant colonies. Trends Ecol Evol 3:65–68

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson EO, Hölldobler B (2005) Eusociality: Origin and consequences. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102:13367–13371

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

I would like to thank Jens Krause for inviting me to be a part of this special issue on social networks and Dick James and David Lusseau for their most insightful comments that forced me to think and work hard for the final version of this paper.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dhruba Naug.

Additional information

Communicated by J. Krause

This contribution is part of the special issue “Social Networks: new perspectives” (Guest Editors: J. Krause, D. Lusseau, and R. James).

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Naug, D. Structure and resilience of the social network in an insect colony as a function of colony size. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 63, 1023–1028 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-009-0721-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-009-0721-x

Keywords

Navigation