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In-vitro chondrogenic potential of synovial stem cells and chondrocytes allocated for autologous chondrocyte implantation — a comparison

Synovial stem cells as an alternative cell source for autologous chondrocyte implantation

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Abstract

Purpose

The use of passaged chondrocytes is the current standard for autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI). De-differentiation due to amplification and donor site morbidity are known drawbacks highlighting the need for alternative cell sources.

Methods

Via clinically validated flow cytometry analysis, we compared the expression of human stem cell and cartilage markers (collagen type 2 (Col2), aggrecan (ACAN), CD44) of chondrocytes (CHDR), passaged chondrocytes for ACI (CellGenix™), bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC), and synovial derived stem cells (SDSC).

Results

Primary, human BMSC and SDSC revealed similar adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation potential and stem cell marker expression. However, the expression of the chondrogenic markers Col2 and ACAN was statistically significant higher in SDSC. CHDR and SDSC expressed ACAN and CD44 equally, but Col2 was expressed more strongly on the SDSC surface. The marker expression of SDSC from osteoarthritic joints (Kellgren-Lawrence score ≥3) versus normal knees (Kellgren-Lawrence score ≤2) did not differ. Similarly, there was no difference between temporarily frozen and fresh SDSC. Col2 and ACAN surface expression declined with further passaging, whereas CD44 remained unchanged. We observed the same effect after reducing the serum content. When comparing CHDR for ACI with SDSC of the same passage (P2/3), both Col2 and ACAN, correlating with clinical outcome, were expressed higher in SDSC.

Conclusions

In summary, SDSC demonstrated high differentiation potential and a stable chondrogenic phenotype. They might therefore be better suitable for ACI than BMSC or passaged CHDR.

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Acknowledgements

The study was funded by the Research Commission of the Albert-Ludwigs University Medical Center Freiburg and the Department of Education and Research Germany (01EC1001D).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, - Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany

    Eva Johanna Kubosch, Emanuel Heidt, Philipp Niemeyer, Anke Bernstein & Norbert P. Südkamp

  2. Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

    Hagen Schmal

  3. Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

    Hagen Schmal

Authors
  1. Eva Johanna Kubosch
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  2. Emanuel Heidt
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  3. Philipp Niemeyer
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  4. Anke Bernstein
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  5. Norbert P. Südkamp
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  6. Hagen Schmal
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Eva Johanna Kubosch.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no competing interests. PN has received reimbursement for attending conferences and fees for educational presentations by the companies Co.don (Teltow, Germany), Aesculap (Tuttlingen, Germany), Arthrex (Naples, USA), Tigenix (Leuven, Belgium). Furthermore Research funding has been provided by the companies Co.don and Tigenix. None of the above mentioned was in direct context to the present study.

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Kubosch, E.J., Heidt, E., Niemeyer, P. et al. In-vitro chondrogenic potential of synovial stem cells and chondrocytes allocated for autologous chondrocyte implantation — a comparison. International Orthopaedics (SICOT) 41, 991–998 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-017-3400-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-017-3400-y

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