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Outer membrane vesicles of Lysobacter sp. XL1: biogenesis, functions, and applied prospects

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Abstract

Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) produced by Gram-negative bacteria have been intensively investigated in recent times. Vesicle formation models have been proposed, some factors affecting the process were established, and important roles vesicles play in vital activities of their producing cells were determined. Studies of pathogenic bacterial vesicles contribute to understanding the causes of acute infection and developing drugs on their basis. Despite intensive research, issues associated with the understanding of vesicle biogenesis, the mechanisms of bacterium–bacterium and pathogen–host interactions with participation of vesicles, still remain unresolved. This review discusses some results obtained in the research into OMVs of Lysobacter sp. XL1 VKM B-1576. This bacterium secretes into the environment a spectrum of bacteriolytic enzymes that hydrolyze peptidoglycan of competing bacteria, thus leading to their lysis. One of these enzymes, lytic endopeptidase L5, has been shown not only to be secreted by means of vesicles but also to be involved in their formation. As part of vesicles, the antimicrobial potential of L5 enzyme has been found to be considerably expanded. Vesicles have been shown to have a therapeutic effect in respect of anthrax infection and staphylococcal sepsis modelled in mice. The scientific basis for constructing liposomal antimicrobial preparations from vesicle phospholipids and recombinant bacteriolytic enzyme L5 has been formed.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Victor Selivanov for English translation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Microbial Cell Surface Biochemistry, G. K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5 Prospect Nauki, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia

    Irina V. Kudryakova & Natalia V. Vasilyeva

  2. Laboratory of the Microbiology of Anthrax, State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Obolensk, Moscow Region, Russia

    Nina A. Shishkova

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  1. Irina V. Kudryakova
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  2. Nina A. Shishkova
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  3. Natalia V. Vasilyeva
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Correspondence to Natalia V. Vasilyeva.

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All applicable institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed. Experiments with animals were approved by the bioethics commission of the State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. Works with animals were conducted in accordance with Russian Federation legislation and the Directive of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union on Protection of Animals used for Scientific Purposes.

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The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Funding

This work was supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, RFMEFI60714X0013 (Agreement No. 14.607.21.0013).

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Kudryakova, I.V., Shishkova, N.A. & Vasilyeva, N.V. Outer membrane vesicles of Lysobacter sp. XL1: biogenesis, functions, and applied prospects. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 100, 4791–4801 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-016-7524-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-016-7524-6

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