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New and classic families of secreted fungal heme peroxidases

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Abstract

Heme-containing peroxidases secreted by fungi are a fascinating group of biocatalysts with various ecological and biotechnological implications. For example, they are involved in the biodegradation of lignocelluloses and lignins and participate in the bioconversion of other diverse recalcitrant compounds as well as in the natural turnover of humic substances and organohalogens. The current review focuses on the most recently discovered and novel types of heme-dependent peroxidases, aromatic peroxygenases (APOs), and dye-decolorizing peroxidases (DyPs), which catalyze remarkable reactions such as peroxide-driven oxygen transfer and cleavage of anthraquinone derivatives, respectively, and represent own separate peroxidase superfamilies. Furthermore, several aspects of the “classic” fungal heme-containing peroxidases, i.e., lignin, manganese, and versatile peroxidases (LiP, MnP, and VP), phenol-oxidizing peroxidases as well as chloroperoxidase (CPO), are discussed against the background of recent scientific developments.

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Notes

  1. Nomenclature Committee of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

  2. A recent search in GenBank in February 2010 revealed more than 1,500 fungal nucleotide and 2,200 predicted fungal protein sequences annotated as “peroxidases.”

  3. According to the Index fungorum (http://www.indexfungorum.org), the fungus belongs to the incertae sedis, i.e., it has an uncertain position within the Ascomycotina. Other authors classify C. fumago in the neighborhood of the mitosporic Capnodiaceae (Reynolds and Faull 2001).

  4. In some respects, hypohalite formation can be also regarded as an oxygen transfer reaction.

  5. In earlier publications, this enzyme was also referred to as Agrocybe aegerita peroxidase/peroxygenase (AaP), or haloperoxidase–peroxygenase (e.g., Ullrich et al. 2004; Ullrich and Hofrichter 2005; Hofrichter and Ullrich 2006; Kluge et al. 2007). Because of the discovery of more and more aromatic peroxygenases, they should be systematically abbreviated by the capital letter of the genus plus the first and second letter of the epitheton and the acronym APO (that stands for aromatic peroxygenase): for example, AaeAPO, aromatic peroxygenase of Agrocybe aegerita.

  6. According to the Index fungorum (http://www.indexfungorum.org), the species is referred to as Mycetinis scorodonius named by Wilson and Desjardin (2005).

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank our coworkers I. Kluge, M. Kinne, M. Poraj-Kobielska, S. Peter, C. Dolge, M. Rotter, and K. Barková for their support with data and their know-how. Scientific work has been supported by the European Union (integrated project Biorenew), the Deutsche Bundestiftung Umwelt (DBU, projects “Pilzliche Sekretome” and “Neuartige Peroxygenasen”), as well as the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG; projects Fupers and Funwood within the Priority Programme 1374 - Biodiversity Exploratories).

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  1. Department of Environmental Biotechnology, International Graduate School of Zittau, Markt 23, 02763, Zittau, Germany

    Martin Hofrichter, René Ullrich, Marek J. Pecyna & Christiane Liers

  2. Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, Division of Microbiology, Viikki Biocenter, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, 00014, Helsinki, Finland

    Taina Lundell

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  1. Martin Hofrichter
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Correspondence to René Ullrich.

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Hofrichter, M., Ullrich, R., Pecyna, M.J. et al. New and classic families of secreted fungal heme peroxidases. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 87, 871–897 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-010-2633-0

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