Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Optimization of Verticillium lecanii spore production in solid-state fermentation on sugarcane bagasse

  • Applied Microbial and Cell Physiology
  • Published:
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Verticillium lecanii is an entomopathogen with high potential in biological control of pests. We developed a solid-state fermentation with sugarcane bagasse as carrier absorbing liquid medium to propagate V. lecanii spores. Using statistical experimental design, we optimized the medium composition for spore production. We first used one-factor-at-a-time design to identify corn flour and yeast extract as the best carbon and nitrogen sources for the spore production of V. lecanii. Then, we used two-level fractional factorial design to confirm corn flour, yeast extract, and KH2PO4 as important factors significantly affecting V. lecanii spore production. Finally, we optimized these selected variables using a central composite design and response surface method. The optimal medium composition was (grams per liter): corn flour 35.79, yeast 8.69, KH2PO4 1.63, K2HPO4 0.325, and MgSO4 0.325. Under optimal conditions, spore production reached 1.1 × 1010 spores/g dried carrier, much higher than that on wheat bran (1.7 × 109 spores/g initial dry matter).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Auria RA, Ortiz I, Villegas E, Revah S (1995) Influence of growth and high mould concentration on the pressure drop in solid-state fermentations. Process Biochem 30:751–756

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barson G (1976) Laboratory studies on the fungus Verticillium lecanii, a larval pathogen of the large elm bark beetle (Scolytus scolytus). Ann Appl Biol 83:207–217

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blackburn F, Hayes WA (1966) Studies on the nutrition of Arthrobotrys oligospora Fres. and A. Robusta Dudd: the saprophytic phase. Ann Appl Biol 58:43–50

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Box GEP, Wilson KB (1951) On the experimental attainment of optimum conditions. J R Stat Soc (Ser B) 13:1–45

    Google Scholar 

  • Christen P, Raimbault M (1991) Optimization of culture medium for aroma production by Ceratocystis jmbriuta. Biotechnol Lett 13:521–526

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • De Meo M, Laget M, Phan-Tan-Luu M, Mathieu D, Dumknil G (1985) Application of experimental designs for optimization of medium and culture conditions in fermentation. Biosci 4:99–102

    Google Scholar 

  • Feng KC, Liu BL, Tzeng YM (2000) Verticillium lecanii spore production in solid-state and liquid state fermentations. Bioprocess Eng 23:25–29

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Francis F, Sabu A, Nampoothiri KM, Ramachandran S, Ghosh S, Szakacs G, Pandey A (2003) Use of response surface methodology for optimizing process parameters for the production of a-amylase by Aspergillus oryzae. Biochem Eng J 15:107–115

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gopalakrishnan C (1989) Susceptibility of cabbage diamondback moth Plutella xylostella L. to the entomofungal pathogen Verticillium lecanii (Zimmerm.) Viegas. Cur Sci 58:1256–1257

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall RA, Burges HD (1979) Control of aphids in glasshouses with the fungus Verticillium lecanii. Ann Appl Biol 93:235–246

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hölker U, Lenz J (2005) Solid-state fermentation—are there any biotechnological advantages? Curr Opin Microbiol 8:301–306

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Imandi SB, Bandaru VVR, Somalanka SR, Garapati HR (2007) Optimization of medium constituents for the production of citric acid from byproduct glycerol using doehlert experimental design. Enzyme Microb Technol 40:1367–1372

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson DL, Huang HC, Harper AM (1988) Mortality of grasshoppers (Orthoptera; Acridiae) inoculated with a Canadian isolate of the fungus V. lecanii. J Invertebr Pathol 52:335–342

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khachatourians GG (1992) Virulence of five Beauveria strains, Paecilomyces farinosus, and Verticillium leanii against the migratory grasshopper, Melanoplus sanguinipes. J Invertebr Pathol 59:212–214

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marin-Cervantes MC, Matsumoto Y, Ramırez-Coutino L, Rocha-Pino Z, Viniegra G, Shirai K (2008) Effect of moisture content in polyurethane foams as support for solid-substrate fermentation of Lecanicillium lecanii on the production profiles of chitinases. Process Biochem 43:23–32

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McQuilken MP, Budge SP, Whipps JM (1997) Effects of culture media and environmental factors on conidial germination, pycnidial production and hyphal extension of Coniothyrium minitans. Mycol Res 101:11–17

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Milner RJ, Lutton GG (1986) Dependence of Verticillium lecanii (Fungi: Hyphomycetes) on high humidities for infection and sporulation using Myzus persicae (Homoptera: Aphididae) as host. Environ Entomol 15:380–382

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ooijkaas LP, Wilkinson EC, Tramper J, Buitelaar RM (1999) Medium optimization for spore production of Coniothyrium minitans using statistically based experimental designs. Biotechnol Bioeng 64:92–100

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh B, Satyanarayana T (2006) A marked enhancement in phytase production by a thermophilic mould Sporotrichum thermophile using statistical designs in a cost-effective cane molasses medium. J Appl Microbiol 101:344–352

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith JE, Galbraith JC (1971) Biochemical and physiological aspects of differentiation in the fungi. Adv Microb Physiol 5:45–134

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tunga R, Banerjee R, Bhattacharyya BC (1998) Optimizing some factors affecting protease production under solid-state fermentation. Bioprocess Eng 19:187–190

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Verhaar MA, Hijwegen T, Zadoks JC (1996) Glasshouse experiments on biocontrol of cucumber powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca fuliginea) by the mycoparasites Verticillium lecanii and Sporothrix rugulosa. BioControl 6:353–360

    Google Scholar 

  • Whipps JM (1993) A review of white rust (Puccinia horiana Henn.) disease on chrysanthemum and the potential for its biological control with V. lecanii (Zimm.) Viegas. Ann Appl Biol 122:173–187

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu Y, Smits JP, Knol WK, Bol J (1994) A novel solid-state fermentation system using polyurethane foam as inert carrier. Biotechnol Lett 16:643–648

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu Y, Knol W, Smits JP, Bol J (1996) Medium optimization for nuclease Pl production by Penicillium citrinum in solid-state fermentation using polyurethane foam as inert carrier. Enzyme Microb Technol 18:108–112

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgment

This work was supported by a research grant from the Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province, China (2007C24016).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China

    Yujie Shi & Xiangqun Xu

  2. TNO Quality of Life, Business Unit Bioscience, P. O. Box 360, 3700, AJ Zeist, Netherlands

    Yang Zhu

Authors
  1. Yujie Shi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Xiangqun Xu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Yang Zhu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Xiangqun Xu.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Shi, Y., Xu, X. & Zhu, Y. Optimization of Verticillium lecanii spore production in solid-state fermentation on sugarcane bagasse. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 82, 921–927 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-009-1874-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-009-1874-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation