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High Microeukaryotic Diversity in the Cold-Seep Sediment

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Abstract

Microeukaryotic diversity, community structure, and their regulating mechanisms remain largely unclear in chemosynthetic ecosystems. Here, using high-throughput sequencing data of 18S rRNA genes, we explored microeukaryotic communities from the Haima cold seep in the northern South China Sea. We compared three distinct habitats: active, less active, and non-seep regions, with vertical layers (0–25 cm) from sediment cores. The results showed that seep regions harbored more abundant and diverse parasitic microeukaryotes (e.g., Apicomplexa and Syndiniales) as indicator species, compared to nearby non-seep region. Microeukaryotic community heterogeneity was larger between habitats than within habitat, and greatly increased when considering molecular phylogeny, suggesting the local diversification in cold-seep sediments. Microeukaryotic α-diversity at cold seeps was positively increased by metazoan richness and dispersal rate of microeukaryotes, while its β-diversity was promoted by heterogeneous selection mainly from metazoan communities (as potential hosts). Their combined effects led to the significant higher γ-diversity (i.e., total diversity in a region) at cold seeps than non-seep regions, suggesting cold-seep sediment as a hotspot for microeukaryotic diversity. Our study highlights the importance of microeukaryotic parasitism in cold-seep sediment and has implications for the roles of cold seep in maintaining and promoting marine biodiversity.

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Data Availability

Raw sequencing reads for analyses in this study were deposited in online open database of National Center for Biotechnology Information Search database (NCBI) with projection accession number of PRJNA849592 (submission ID: SUB11547907, to be released in June 2023). R scripts used for analysis can be found from the website: https://github.com/xzhimenghkust/Haima-cold-seep-microeukaryotes-Rscripts.

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Acknowledgements

We thank all members on the cruise HYDZ6-202102. We thank the crew and captain of R/V “Haiyangdizhi VI” for their great help during the work at the sea. We also thank Dr. Guangyuan Lu for his kind help on measuring environmental parameters.

Funding

This study was supported by the Hong Kong Branch of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou) (SMSEGL20SC01), the Key Special Project for Introduced Talents Team of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou) (GML2019ZD0409), and the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong (16101917 and 16101318). B.C. was supported by Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou) (SMSEGL20SC02) and a Leverhulme Trust Research Project Grant (PRG-2020–389).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China

    Zhimeng Xu, Jiawei Chen, Bingzhang Chen & Hongbin Liu

  2. Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China

    Zhimeng Xu, Jiawei Chen, Yingdong Li, Erfan Shekarriz & Hongbin Liu

  3. State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, China

    Wenxue Wu

  4. Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK

    Bingzhang Chen

  5. Department of Ocean Science and Hong Kong Branch of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China

    Hongbin Liu

  6. CAS-HKUST Sanya Joint Laboratory of Marine Science Research, Sanya, China

    Hongbin Liu

Authors
  1. Zhimeng Xu
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  2. Jiawei Chen
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  3. Yingdong Li
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  4. Erfan Shekarriz
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  5. Wenxue Wu
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  6. Bingzhang Chen
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  7. Hongbin Liu
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Contributions

Hongbin Liu, Zhimeng Xu, and Jiawei Chen conceived and designed the study. Jiawei Chen collected the samples and conducted the experiments. Zhimeng Xu performed the analyses and drafted the manuscript. Yingdong Li, Erfan Shekarizz, Wenxue Wu, and Bingzhang Chen gave comments and advice on the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hongbin Liu.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Xu, Z., Chen, J., Li, Y. et al. High Microeukaryotic Diversity in the Cold-Seep Sediment. Microb Ecol 86, 2003–2020 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-023-02212-y

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