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New Insights for the Renewed Phytoplankton-Bacteria Coupling Concept: the Role of the Trophic Web

  • Microbiology of Aquatic Systems
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Abstract

It is widely accepted that in many aquatic ecosystems bacterioplankton is dependent on and regulated by organic carbon supplied by phytoplankton, leading to coupled algae-bacteria relationship. In this study, an in-depth analysis of this relationship has been carried out by combining two approaches: (i) a correlation analyses between heterotrophic bacterial production (BP) vs. primary production (PP) or algal excretion of organic carbon (EOC), (ii) the balance between bacterial carbon demands (BCD) and the supply of C as EOC, measured as BCD:EOC ratio. During the study period (2013–2016), the algae-bacteria relationship was constantly changing from a coupling in 2013, uncoupling in 2014 and 2015, and an incipient return to coupling (in 2016). Our results show that top-down control (bacterivory) by algal mixotrophy acts as a decoupling force since it provides a fresh C source different to algal EOC to satisfy bacterial carbon demands. Notably, a relationship between the BCD:EOC ratio and the ecosystem metabolic balance (Primary production (PP): respiration (R)) was found, suggesting that PP:R may be a good predictor of the algae-bacteria coupling. This analysis, including the comparison between basal and potential ecosystem metabolic balance, can be a tool to improve knowledge on the interaction between both biotics compartments, which the traditional analyses on coupling may not capture.

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Data Availability

The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Manuel Villar-Argaiz and Javier Carretero Rodríguez for their support. We thank the Sierra Nevada National Park for the permission for field work. We appreciate the criticism of two anonymous reviewers who greatly improved the manuscript.

Funding

This study was funded by the PID2020-118872RB-I00 (MICIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) and FEDER/Junta de Andalucía-Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades/Proyecto (B-RNM-310-UGR20) projects. This research is also part of the project “Thematic Center on Mountain Ecosystem & Remote sensing, Deep learning-AI e-Services University of Granada-Sierra Nevada'' (LifeWatch-2019–10-UGR-01), which has been co-funded by the Ministry of Science and Innovation through the FEDER funds from the Spanish Pluriregional Operational Program 2014–2020 (POPE), LifeWatch-ERIC action line.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland

    IL Lozano

  2. Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland

    IL Lozano

  3. Department of Watershed Sciences, Utah State University, Utah, 84322, USA

    JM González-Olalla

  4. University Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain

    JM González-Olalla & JM Medina-Sánchez

  5. Department of Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain

    JM Medina-Sánchez

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  1. IL Lozano
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  2. JM González-Olalla
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  3. JM Medina-Sánchez
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Contributions

All authors conceived and designed the study and collected the data. IL Lozano made the analyses. JM Medina-Sánchez acquired and administrated the financing funds. IL Lozano wrote the first draft of the manuscript, and all authors reviewed, edited, and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to JM González-Olalla.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Lozano, I., González-Olalla, J. & Medina-Sánchez, J. New Insights for the Renewed Phytoplankton-Bacteria Coupling Concept: the Role of the Trophic Web. Microb Ecol 86, 810–824 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-022-02159-6

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