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Does the Reproductive Strategy Affect the Transmission and Genetic Diversity of Bionts in Cyanolichens? A Case Study Using Two Closely Related Species

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Abstract

Observed levels of population genetic diversity are often associated with differences in species dispersal and reproductive strategies. In symbiotic organisms, the genetic diversity level of each biont should also be highly influenced by biont transmission. In this study, we evaluated the influence of the reproductive strategies of cyanolichen species on the current levels of population genetic diversity of bionts. To eliminate any phylogenetic noise, we selected two closely related species within the genus Degelia, which only differ in their reproductive systems. We sampled all known populations of both species in central Spain and genotyped the fungal and cyanobacterial components of lichen samples using DNA sequences as molecular markers. We applied population genetics approaches to evaluate the genetic diversity and population genetic structure of the symbiotic components of both lichen species. Our results indicate that fungal and cyanobiont genetic diversity is highly influenced by the reproductive systems of lichen fungus. We detected higher bionts genetic diversity values in the sexual species Degelia plumbea. By contrast, the levels of fungal and cyanobiont genetic diversity in the asexual species Degelia atlantica were extremely low (almost clonal), and the species shows a high specificity towards its cyanobiont. Our results indicate that reproduction by vegetative propagules, in species of the genus Degelia, favors vertical transmission and clonality, which affects the species’ capacity for resources and competition, thereby limiting the species to restricted niches.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Tatiana Flores, Marta Rubio, and Sonia Merinero for help with fieldwork. We also thank Ana Millanes and Jose Más for support in the molecular Lab at URJC. We also thank two anonymous reviewers who provided useful comments, correction and suggestions on an earlier version of this manuscript. This research was supported by the Dirección General del Medio Natural, Comunidad Autónoma de Castilla-La Mancha (projects POII09-0286-4849; GU002806; SC 0001/07), Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia and Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación of Spain (projects CGL2007-66066-C04-04/BOS and CGL2010-22049).

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  1. Mónica A. G. Otálora

    Present address: Swedish Museum of Natural History, Cryptogamic Botany, P.O. Box 50007, 104 05, Stockholm, Sweden

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biology and Geology Department, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28933, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain

    Mónica A. G. Otálora, Clara Salvador, Isabel Martínez & Gregorio Aragón

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  1. Mónica A. G. Otálora
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Correspondence to Mónica A. G. Otálora.

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Otálora, M.A.G., Salvador, C., Martínez, I. et al. Does the Reproductive Strategy Affect the Transmission and Genetic Diversity of Bionts in Cyanolichens? A Case Study Using Two Closely Related Species. Microb Ecol 65, 517–530 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-012-0136-5

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