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Evaluation of highly accelerated wave controlled aliasing in parallel imaging (Wave-CAIPI) susceptibility-weighted imaging in the non-sedated pediatric setting: a pilot study

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Abstract

Background

Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) is highly sensitive for intracranial hemorrhagic and mineralized lesions but is associated with long scan times. Wave controlled aliasing in parallel imaging (Wave-CAIPI) enables greater acceleration factors and might facilitate broader application of SWI, especially in motion-prone populations.

Objective

To compare highly accelerated Wave-CAIPI SWI to standard SWI in the non-sedated pediatric outpatient setting, with respect to the following variables: estimated scan time, image noise, artifacts, visualization of normal anatomy and visualization of pathology.

Materials and methods

Twenty-eight children (11 girls, 17 boys; mean age ± standard deviation [SD] = 128.3±62 months) underwent 3-tesla (T) brain MRI, including standard three-dimensional (3-D) SWI sequence followed by a highly accelerated Wave-CAIPI SWI sequence for each subject. We rated all studies using a predefined 5-point scale and used the Wilcoxon signed rank test to assess the difference for each variable between sequences.

Results

Wave-CAIPI SWI provided a 78% and 67% reduction in estimated scan time using the 32- and 20-channel coils, respectively, corresponding to estimated scan time reductions of 3.5 min and 3 min, respectively. All 28 children were imaged without anesthesia. Inter-reader agreement ranged from fair to substantial (k=0.67 for evaluation of pathology, 0.55 for anatomical contrast, 0.3 for central noise, and 0.71 for artifacts). Image noise was rated higher in the central brain with wave SWI (P<0.01), but not in the peripheral brain. There was no significant difference in the visualization of normal anatomical structures and visualization of pathology between the standard and wave SWI sequences (P=0.77 and P=0.79, respectively).

Conclusion

Highly accelerated Wave-CAIPI SWI of the brain can provide similar image quality to standard SWI, with estimated scan time reduction of 3–3.5 min depending on the radiofrequency coil used, with fewer motion artifacts, at a cost of mild but perceptibly increased noise in the central brain.

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Acknowledgments

John Conklin and Azadeh Tabari contributed equally to this publication.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Divisions of Emergency Imaging and Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA

    John Conklin, Maria Gabriela Figueiro Longo, Kawin Setsompop, Susie Yi Huang, Otto Rapalino & Paul J. Caruso

  2. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    John Conklin, Azadeh Tabari, Maria Gabriela Figueiro Longo, Camilo Jaimes Cobos, Stephen F. Cauley, John E. Kirsch, Susie Yi Huang, Otto Rapalino, Michael S. Gee & Paul J. Caruso

  3. Division of Pediatric Imaging, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA, 02114, USA

    Azadeh Tabari, Michael S. Gee & Paul J. Caruso

  4. Department of Radiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA

    Camilo Jaimes Cobos

  5. Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA

    Kawin Setsompop, Stephen F. Cauley, John E. Kirsch & Susie Yi Huang

  6. Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA

    Kawin Setsompop & Susie Yi Huang

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  1. John Conklin
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  2. Azadeh Tabari
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Correspondence to Azadeh Tabari.

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Conklin, J., Tabari, A., Longo, M.G.F. et al. Evaluation of highly accelerated wave controlled aliasing in parallel imaging (Wave-CAIPI) susceptibility-weighted imaging in the non-sedated pediatric setting: a pilot study. Pediatr Radiol 52, 1115–1124 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-021-05273-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-021-05273-8

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