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Contrast-enhanced ultrasound of the pediatric brain

  • Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in children
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Abstract

Brain contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is an emerging application that can complement gray-scale US and yield additional insights into cerebral flow dynamics. CEUS uses intravenous injection of ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) to highlight tissue perfusion and thus more clearly delineate cerebral pathologies including stroke, hypoxic–ischemic injury and focal lesions such as tumors and vascular malformations. It can be applied not only in infants with open fontanelles but also in older children and adults via a transtemporal window or surgically created acoustic window. Advancements in CEUS technology and post-processing methods for quantitative analysis of UCA kinetics further elucidate cerebral microcirculation. In this review article we discuss the CEUS examination protocol for brain imaging in children, current clinical applications and future directions for research and clinical uses of brain CEUS.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA

    Misun Hwang, Anush Sridharan & Ryne A. Didier

  2. Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Misun Hwang & Ryne A. Didier

  3. Department of Radiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA

    Carol E. Barnewolt

  4. Department of Pediatrics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen – Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany

    Jörg Jüngert

  5. Acoustic Neuroimaging and Therapy Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy

    Francesco Prada

  6. Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA

    Francesco Prada

  7. Focused Ultrasound Foundation, Charlottesville, VA, USA

    Francesco Prada

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  1. Misun Hwang
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  2. Carol E. Barnewolt
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  4. Francesco Prada
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  6. Ryne A. Didier
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Hwang, M., Barnewolt, C.E., Jüngert, J. et al. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound of the pediatric brain. Pediatr Radiol 51, 2270–2283 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-021-04974-4

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