Abstract
Receptor models, e.g., positive matrix factorization (PMF), are beneficial in designing effective control strategies to improve air quality. Additionally, integrating the trajectory analysis data into receptor modeling facilitates identifying the contributions from long-range transported aerosols. This study was conducted in Taipei City of Taiwan, a representative urban area with high population density, heavy traffic, and residential–commercial complexes. Hourly measurements were applied into an integrated trajectory-source apportionment approach. PMF was used to identify seven potential sources, including ammonium sulfate related, oil combustion, firework/firecracker, dust, vehicle, coal/marine, and industry/vehicle. Ammonium sulfate related source (33%) was characterized as the largest contributor, followed by coal/marine (18%) and industry/vehicle (16%). Through this integrated method, contribution estimates of the ammonium sulfate related factor from distant potential source regions were differentiated. Additionally, detailed distributions of source contributions to PM2.5 event periods were revealed by applying these highly time-resolved measurements.
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Acknowledgements
This study was supported in part by the Department of Environmental Protection of the Taipei City Government (TPDEP), the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan (MOST 106-2221-E-002-021-MY3, 106-3114-M-001-001-A, 108-2119-M-001-008-A), and the Featured Areas Research Center Program within the framework of the Higher Education Sprout Project by the Ministry of Education of Taiwan (NTU-107L9003). The authors thank the TPDEP for providing the speciated air quality monitoring data.
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Data analysis was performed by Ho-Tang Liao. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Ho-Tang Liao and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Liao, HT., Wu, CF. Trajectory-Assisted Source Apportionment of Winter-Time Aerosol Using Semi-continuous Measurements. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 78, 430–438 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-020-00714-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-020-00714-1