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Cerebral staging of lung cancer: is one single contrast-enhanced T1-weighted three-dimensional gradient-echo sequence sufficient?

  • Diagnostic Neuroradiology
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Abstract

Introduction

Gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the gold standard for cerebral staging in thoracic oncology. We hypothesize that a minimalist examination, consisting of a single contrast-enhanced T1-weighted three-dimensional gradient-echo sequence (CE 3D-GRE), would be sufficient for the cerebral staging of nonsymptomatic lung cancer patients.

Methods

Seventy nonsymptomatic patients (50 % men; 62 years ± 10.2) referred for cerebral staging of a lung cancer were retrospectively included. All underwent a standard 3 T MRI examination with T1, FLAIR, T2* GRE, diffusion, and CE 3D-GRE sequences, for a total examination time of 20 min. The sole CE 3D-GRE (acquisition time: 6 min) was extracted and blindly interpreted by two radiologists in search of brain metastases. Hemorrhagic features of potential lesions and relevant incidental findings were also noted. Discrepant cases were reviewed by a third reader. The full MRI examination and follow-up studies were used as a reference to calculate sensitivity and specificity of the sole CE 3D-GRE.

Results

Thirty-eight point six percent (27 out of 70) of the patients had brain metastases. Performances and reader’s agreement with the sole CE 3D-GRE sequence were excellent for the diagnosis of brain metastases (sensitivity = 96.3 %, specificity = 100 %, κ = 0.91) and incidental findings (sensitivity = 85.7 %, specificity = 100 %, κ = 0.62) but insufficient for the identification of hemorrhages within the metastases (sensitivity = 33.3 %, specificity = 85.7 %, κ = 0.47).

Conclusions

In the specific case of lung cancer, cerebral staging in nonsymptomatic patients can be efficiently achieved with a minimalistic protocol consisting of a single CE 3D-GRE sequence, completed if positive with a T2* sequence for hemorrhagic assessment, thus halving appointment delays.

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Ethical standards and patient consent

The authors declare that all human and animal studies have been approved by the University Hospital of Strasbourg Ethics Committee and have therefore been performed in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. The authors declare that patient consent was waived for this retrospective study.

Conflict of interest

We declare that we have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Service de Radiologie B/Radiology Department, Nouvel Hôpital Civil-Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 1 place de l’hôpital, 67000, Strasbourg, France

    Mickaël Ohana, Mi-Young Jeung & Catherine Roy

  2. Clinique Saint Anne-Groupe Radiologique MIM, Strasbourg, France

    Gauthier Bazille

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  1. Mickaël Ohana
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  2. Mi-Young Jeung
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Correspondence to Mickaël Ohana.

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Ohana, M., Jeung, MY., Bazille, G. et al. Cerebral staging of lung cancer: is one single contrast-enhanced T1-weighted three-dimensional gradient-echo sequence sufficient?. Neuroradiology 56, 621–627 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00234-014-1366-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00234-014-1366-7

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