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Palytoxin Induces Functional Changes of Anion Transport in Red Blood Cells: Metabolic Impact

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Abstract

Palytoxin (PTX) is classified as one of the most powerful marine biotoxins (of high molecular weight and no protein origin) because it is able to interact strongly with important cellular structures influencing their function in different biological processes. This study of the effects of PTX on red blood cells (RBC) extends the knowledge about its toxicity, which concerns not only the well-known action on Na+/K+-ATPase but also band 3 protein (B3 or AE1), the role of which is essential for anion transport and for the structure, function, and metabolic integrity of the erythrocyte. The effects of PTX on RBC can be summarized as follows: it alters the anionic flux and seriously compromises not only CO2 transport but also the metabolic modulation centered on the oxy–deoxy cycle of hemoglobin; it stabilizes the plasma membrane by preventing lipid peroxidation; and its effect does not lead to activation of caspases 3 and 8. From what is reported in steps 2 and 3, and on the basis of the results obtained on hemolysis, methemoglobin levels, and phosphatase activity, an increase of the reducing power of the erythrocytes (RBC) in the presence of PTX clearly emerges. The results have enabled us to outline some metabolic adaptations induced in the RBC by PTX.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Organic and Biological Chemistry Department, University of Messina, V. le Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy

    Silvana Ficarra, Annamaria Russo, Davide Barreca, Ersilia Bellocco, Giuseppina Laganà, Ugo Leuzzi, Antonio Galtieri & Ester Tellone

  2. ARPACAL Regional Agency for Environmental Protection of Calabria, Provincial Department of Crotone, V. E. Fermi snc, Loc. Passo Vecchio, 88900, Crotone, Italy

    Francesca Stefanizzi

  3. ARPACAL Regional Agency for Environmental Protection of Calabria, Provincial Department of Cosenza, V. Trento 21, 87100, Cosenza, Italy

    Mario Mileto

  4. Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry Institute, Catholic University, School of Medicine, L. go F. Vito n.1, 00168, Rome, Italy

    Bruno Giardina

  5. C.N.R. Institute of Chemistry of Molecular Recognition, Catholic University, L. go F. Vito n.1, 00168, Rome, Italy

    Bruno Giardina

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  1. Silvana Ficarra
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Ficarra, S., Russo, A., Stefanizzi, F. et al. Palytoxin Induces Functional Changes of Anion Transport in Red Blood Cells: Metabolic Impact. J Membrane Biol 242, 31–39 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00232-011-9374-6

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