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Influence of thermal flow and predicting phase transformation on various welding positions

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Abstract

This study performed computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation to investigate the flow patterns of molten pool during welding with a transient heat transfer. The influence of gravity changed the flow patterns of the molten pool, which determined the molten pool length and cooling time from 800℃ to 500℃(t8/5) under the same heat input. In the flat position, the upward flow caused by arc forces and the inward flow generated by Marangoni convection resulted in a conflict between flows, and a molten pool length of 12.1 mm. In the overhead position, the volume of the molten pool was continuously drawn by gravity, eliminating the conflict between the inward and the upward flow. Therefore, convective heat transfer accelerated toward the edge of the molten pool, leading to an increased molten pool length (15 mm). In the vertical downward position, gravity pushed the molten pool toward the welding direction. The resultant flow pattern resulted in a rapid cooling rate and reduced the upward flow of the molten pool, leading to a short molten pool length (8.8 mm). The t8/5 obtained from the CFD were coupled with thermodynamic simulations to predict the microstructures of the coarse-grain heat-affected zone.

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All data we used are public data for academic research.

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Funding

This research was carried out with the support of the Korea Institute of Industrial Technology as "Development of core technologies of AI based self-power generation and charging for next-generation mobility (KITECH EH-23–0013)". This research was carried out with the support of the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries as “Development of liquid hydrogen-based leisure fishing boats (20220037, PNK23600)”.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Welding Engineering R&D Team, Hanwha Ocean Co., Ltd, Geoje, Republic of Korea

    Jin-Hyeong Park & Du-Song Kim

  2. Automotive Materials & Components R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea

    Jaewoong Kim & Changmin Pyo

  3. Busan Machinery Research Center, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Busan, Republic of Korea

    Dae-Won Cho

Authors
  1. Jin-Hyeong Park
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  2. Du-Song Kim
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  3. Dae-Won Cho
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  4. Jaewoong Kim
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  5. Changmin Pyo
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Contributions

Jin-Hyeong Park: Methodology, Conceptualization, Data curation, Writing- Original draft preparation, Writing—Review and editing. Du-Song Kim: Investigation. Dae-Won Cho: Visualization, Software. Jaewoong Kim: Formal analysis. Changmin Pyo: Validation.

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Correspondence to Jin-Hyeong Park, Du-Song Kim or Changmin Pyo.

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Park, JH., Kim, DS., Cho, DW. et al. Influence of thermal flow and predicting phase transformation on various welding positions. Heat Mass Transfer 60, 195–207 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-023-03429-w

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-023-03429-w

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