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The experimental analysis on the influence of different conditions in microchannel on critical heat flux and boiling starting point

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Abstract

In order to explore the mechanism of boiling heat transfer in microchannels and the appearance of CHF and ONB under different conditions, a visualized experimental research has been conducted on the flow and heat transfer characteristics in microchannels. Combined with the behaviour of bubbles, the occurrence of ONB and CHF in the microchannels with different shapes, different flow velocities and different inflow directions has been compared and analyzed. Results indicate that, after the heat flux exceeds 20 W/cm2, the four microchannels all enter the nucleate boiling stage (ONB), with little difference in order. The appearance of ONB for the droplet pin fin is the earliest (qe = 41.51 W/cm2), with non-closed pin fin with flow direction B (qe = 56.65 W/cm2) as the latest. Accordingly, the channel with droplet fin (qe = 106.2 W/cm2) pin fins appear CHF first, and the non-closed droplet shape (flow direction A: qe = 141.6 W/cm2; flow direction B: no CHF) is the latest. While for the same channel, with the increase of mass flow, the convective heat transfer coefficient becomes higher and ONB and CHF will be delayed. For the different layout, the more favorable flow arrangement (flow direction B) is helpful to delay ONB and CHF. A comprehensive factors η is introduced to evaluate the boiling flow and heat transfer performance of the microchannels with different situations. At higher heat flux density (58 W/cm2-150 W/cm2), flow direction B perform best. Under the discussed condition, the heat flux value as 109.91 W/cm2, 106.22 W/cm2, and 143.05 W/cm2 are the limit values for the CHF, in the square, droplet and non-closed droplet A pin fin arrays. Where, the CHF has not appeared in non-closed droplet B, whose limit value is more than 145 W/cm2. In general, the results illustrate that the opening structure is helpful for boiling heat transfer. The novel design can prolong the duration of bubble flow in nucleate boiling, which plays a key role in delaying CHF.

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Data availability

The data are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Abbreviations

a :

Long axis of micro pin fin (mm)

A :

Cross-sectional area of pin fin (m2)

b :

Short axis of micro pin fin (mm)

G :

Mass flow rate (kg/h)

h :

The average heat transfer coefficient (W/(m2⋅K))

H :

Height of micro pin fins channel (mm)

L 0 :

Microchannel length(mm)

L 1 :

Length of micro pin fins channel (mm)

N t :

Number of micro pin fins

P 1 :

The inlet pressure of micro pin fins channel (Pa)

P 2 :

The outlet pressure of micro pin fins channel (Pa)

P s :

Wetted perimeter of cross section of micro pin fin (m)

q :

Density of heat flow rate(W/m2)

Q :

Boiling heat transfer(W)

Re :

Reynolds number

r :

Latent heat of vaporization(kJ/kg)

S :

Heat transfer area (m2)

S D :

Diagonal spacing of micro pin fins(mm)

S L :

Longitudinal spacing of micro Pin fins(mm)

S T :

Transverse spacing of micro Pin fins(mm)

t :

Time (s)

T f :

Qualitative temperature of working fluid (℃)

T i (i = 1,2,3…):

Measuring point temperature of microchannel bottom plate (℃)

T in :

The inlet temperature (℃)

T out :

The outlet temperature (℃)

T surf :

The bottom temperature (℃)

u :

Velocity of fluid (m/s)

W :

Width of micro pin fins channel (mm)

ΔP :

Pressure drop between inlet and outlet of micro pin fins channel (Pa)

v :

Viscosity of the working fluid (m2⋅s)

λ :

Thermal conductivity(W/(m ⋅K))

η :

Comprehensive factor

min:

min minimum

max:

max maximum

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Funding

This work is supported by the Nature Science Foundation Programs of Jiangsu Province Colleges and Universities (21KJB470005).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Engineering Laboratory of Energy System Process Conversion and Emission Reduction Technology of Jiangsu Province, School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University (NNU), Nanjing, 210042, China

    Xinmin Liu, Junye Hua, Hai Lan, Dong Li, Keyi Sang, Huiyan Liu & Jing Zhang

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  1. Xinmin Liu
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  2. Junye Hua
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  3. Hai Lan
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  4. Dong Li
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  5. Keyi Sang
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  6. Huiyan Liu
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Correspondence to Junye Hua.

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Liu, X., Hua, J., Lan, H. et al. The experimental analysis on the influence of different conditions in microchannel on critical heat flux and boiling starting point. Heat Mass Transfer 59, 2087–2103 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-023-03400-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-023-03400-9

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