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Correlations to estimate electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and viscosity of cobalt nanofluid

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Abstract

Nanofluid is a better substitute for traditional energy transmission media due to its increased thermal conductivity. Nanofluids present a hitch for researchers in this area due to their lack of long-term uniformity. To improve the homogeneity of the nanofluids, a remarkable mix ratio of Glycerol (G) and Water (W) is determined as the base liquid. Cobalt (Co) nanofluid with a maximum volume concentration of 0.24 per cent (2% weight) was produced with the selected G/W mixture ratio. The Co nanofluid remained homogeneous during the 50-day observation period. The repeated Zeta potential and electrical conductivity tests revealed the nanofluid’s unvarying homogeneity during the observed duration. Following the observation time, SEM images also confirmed the homogeneity of Co dispersions. The viscosity and thermal conductivity of nanofluid dispersions are investigated experimentally. A typical thermal conductivity and viscosity enrichment of 19.8% and 16.3% are obtained at 0.24% concentration. Similarly, the augmentation in electrical conductivity was 340 times greater than the base fluid at 0.24% concentration. Within a 10% deviation, empirical correlations are generated for estimating the Viscosity, Electrical and Thermal Conductivities of Co Nanofluids. The heat transfer merit analysis and homogeneity tests on Co dispersions suggest that the chosen G/W blend ratio is an excellent medium for producing stable nanofluids.

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Abbreviations

C:

Specific heat, J/kgK

Co:

Cobalt

d:

Diameter

k:

Thermal conductivity, W/mK

Pr:

Prandtl number

T:

Temperature, 0C

T1 :

Temparature

T:

Time, s

w:

Weight of nanoparticles

α:

Thermal diffusivity, m2/s

ϕ:

Volume concentration of Nanoparticle

µ:

Base fluid Viscosity, cp

ρ:

Nanofluid density, kg/m3

γ:

Shear rate, s−1

τ:

Shear stress, Pa

σ:

Electrical Conductivity, mS/cm

υ Br :

Browninan velocity, m/s

bf:

Basefluid

nf:

Nanofluid

p:

Nanoparticle

R:

Relative

BF:

Basefluid

EG:

Ethylene glycol

G:

Glycerol

GON:

Graphene Oxide Nanosheets

NP:

Nanoparticle

FESEM:

Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope

W:

Water

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the permission of the Center for Energy Studies, JNTUH College of Engineering, Hyderabad, to undertake experiments. The authors would like to express their gratitude to the Department of Chemistry, JNTUH for allowing us to utilize the equipment to prepare nanofluids. No financial support is received by the authors to undertake the present work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Energy Studies, JNTUH COE, Hyderabad, India

    T. Rajendra Prasad

  2. Mechanical Engineering, KLEF, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, India

    K. Rama Krishna

  3. Centre for Energy Studies, JNTUH COE, Hyderabad, India

    K. V. Sharma

  4. Mechanical Engineering, NRI Institute of Technology, Pothavarappadu, Agiripalli, India

    C. Naga Bhaskar

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  1. T. Rajendra Prasad
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Correspondence to T. Rajendra Prasad.

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Prasad, T.R., Krishna, K.R., Sharma, K.V. et al. Correlations to estimate electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and viscosity of cobalt nanofluid. Heat Mass Transfer 59, 95–112 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-022-03250-x

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