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Impingement heat transfer with pressure recovery

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Abstract

A conventional impinging jet is effective at transferring a large heat flux. However a significant pressure loss is also experienced by the free jet of a jet impingement heat transfer device due to rapid expansion because it does not incorporate effective pressure recovery. A novel high-flux impingement heat transfer device, called the Tadpole, is developed to improve the heat transfer and pressure loss (performance) characteristics of the conventional impingement domain by incorporating pressure recovery with a diffuser. The Tadpole is scrutinized through an experimental comparison with a conventional jet impinging on the inner wall of a hemisphere under the turbulent flow regime. The Tadpole demonstrates promising capability by exceeding the performance characteristics of the impinging jet by up to 7.3% for the heat transfer coefficient while reducing the pressure loss by 13%. Multiple dimensional degrees of freedom in the Tadpole’s flow domain can be manipulated for an enhanced heat transfer coefficient, a reduced total pressure loss or a favourable combination of both metrics. A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model is developed, the Four-Equation Transition SST turbulence model demonstrates satisfactory experimental validation with a deviation of < 5% for the heat transfer coefficient and < 23% for the total pressure loss. The Tadpole is a promising heat transfer device for high-flux applications and is recommended for further work incorporating design improvements and multidimensional optimization.

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Availability of data and material

Further data can be made available on request.

Code availability

Not applicable.

Change history

Notes

  1. The turbulence intensity was not investigated experimentally. Instead, it was approximated using fully developed turbulent duct flow empirical correlations from [32].

  2. The incremental effects can be observed by zooming into Fig. 13.

Abbreviations

A :

Area (m2)

\(C_\mathrm {p}\) :

Static pressure recovery coefficient (-)

d :

Diameter (m)

h :

Heat transfer coefficient (W/(m2K))  

K :

Loss factor (-)

k :

Thermal conductivity (W/(m K))

k :

Turbulence kinetic energy (m2/s2)

l :

Length (m)

\(\dot{m}\) :

Mass flow rate (kg/s)

p :

Pressure (Pa)

Pr :

Prandtl number (-)

\(\dot{Q}\) :

Heat rate (W)

r :

Radius (m)

Re :

Reynolds number (-)

T :

Temperature (°C or  K)

TI :

Turbulence intensity (-)

V :

Velocity (m/s)

\(y^+\) :

Dimensionless distance from a wall (-)

\(\alpha\) :

Angle centred at heat transfer surface origin (°)

\(\alpha\) :

Absorptivity (-)

\(\varepsilon\) :

Emissivity (-)

\(\varepsilon\) :

Turbulence dissipation rate (m2/s2)

\(\eta\) :

Efficiency (-)

\(\theta\) :

Angle (°)

\(\xi\) :

Axial Tadpole offset from concentricity (mm)

\(\rho\) :

Density (kg/m3)

\(\phi\) :

Normalized characteristic (-)

\(\omega\) :

Specific turbulence dissipation rate (1/s)

1:

Inlet

2:

Outlet

al:

Aluminium

aw:

Adiabatic wall

c:

Nozzle throat

d:

Diffuser

DO:

Discrete ordinates

es:

Exterior heat transfer surface

h:

Half angle

i:

Inner

is:

Interior heat transfer surface

it:

Inner tube

n:

Nozzle region

nose:

Tadpole’s nose

os:

Outer shell

s:

Static

t:

Tadpole surface, total

ABS:

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene

CFD:

Computational Fluid Dynamics

CSP:

Concentrating Solar Power

DO:

Discrete Ordinates

HT:

Heat Transfer

LES:

Large Eddy Simulation

LRN:

Low Reynolds Number

HRN:

High Reynolds Number

RANS:

Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes

SCRAP:

Spiky Central Receiver Air Pre-heater

SS:

Supersonic

SST:

Shear Stress Transport

TS:

Transonic

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Acknowledgements

This paper is dedicated to our late co-author, Professor Theodor Willem von Backström. The support of the Solar Thermal Energy Research Group (STERG) is appreciated. The assistance and guidance of the Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering workshop is also appreciated. The South African centre for high performance computing (CHPC) and the HPC1 (Rhasatsha) high performance computer at the University of Stellenbosch are acknowledged for their computational power.

Funding

This research was funded by the Solar Thermal Energy Research Group (STERG) at Stellenbosch University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Solar Thermal Energy Research Group (STERG) Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa

    Derwalt J. Erasmus, Matti Lubkoll & Theodor W. von Backström

  2. Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa

    Ken J. Craig

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  1. Derwalt J. Erasmus
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  2. Matti Lubkoll
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  3. Ken J. Craig
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  4. Theodor W. von Backström
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Derwalt J. Erasmus: Investigation, Matti Lubkoll: Supervision, Ken J. Craig: Supervision, Theodor W. von Backström: Supervision.

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Correspondence to Derwalt J. Erasmus.

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Erasmus, D.J., Lubkoll, M., Craig, K.J. et al. Impingement heat transfer with pressure recovery. Heat Mass Transfer 58, 1857–1875 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-022-03186-2

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