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Experimental analysis of nanofluid pool boiling heat transfer in copper bead packed porous layers

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Abstract

Coupling the nanofluid as working fluid and the copper beads packed porous structure on heating surface were employed to enhance the pool boiling heat transfer by changing the fluid properties with the adjunction of nanoparticles in liquid and altering the heating surface with a bead porous layer. Due to the higher thermal conductivity, the copper beads served as an extended heating surface and the boiling nucleation sites rose, but the flow resistance increased. The CuO–water and SiO2–water nanofluids as well as the pure water were respectively employed as working fluids in the pool boiling experiments. Comparing with the base fluid of water, the higher thermal conductivity and lower surface tension occur in the nanofluids and those favor the boiling heat transfer, but the higher viscosity and density of nanofluids serve as deteriorative factors. So, the concentration region of the nanofluids should be chosen properly. The maximum relative error between the collected experimental data of the pure water on a flat surface and the theoretical prediction of pool boiling using the Rohsenow correlation was less than 12 %. The comparisons of the pool boiling heat transfer characteristics were also conducted between the pure water and the nanofluids respectively on the horizontal flat surface and on the heating surface packed with a copper bead porous layer. Besides, the boiling bubble generation, integration and departure have a great affect on the pool boiling and were recorded with a camera in the bead stacked porous structures at different heat flux.

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Abbreviations

c pl :

Specific heat of liquid water (J kg−1 K−1)

C sf :

Constant in Rohsenow correlation (equal to 0.53), see Eq. (3) and Ref. [12]

g :

Gravitational acceleration vector (m s−2)

h fg :

Latent heat of water (J kg−1)

Pr:

Prandtl number of liquid water

q :

Heat flux on heating surface (W m−2 or W cm−2)

r :

Constant in Rohsenow correlation (equal to 1), see Eq. (3) and Ref. [12]

s :

Constant in Rohsenow correlation (equal to 0.66),see Eq. (3) and Ref. [12]

T w :

Heating surface temperature inside the boiling vessel, K

T sat :

Saturated temperature of liquid water (K)

ΔT :

Heating surface superheat (K)

σ :

Surface tension of liquid water (N m−1)

ρ l :

Density of liquid water (kg m−3)

ρ v :

Density of water vapor (kg m−3)

μ :

Dynamic viscosity of liquid water (kg (m s)−1)

δ 1 :

Vertical distance between the upper thermocouple and the lower (m)

δ 2 :

Vertical distance between the upper thermocouple and the heating surface (m)

i :

Number of thermocouples; i = 1–4 refers to the number of the thermocouples at 0.8 mm beneath the heating surface; i = 5–8 refers to the number of the thermocouples at 4.5 mm beneath the heating surface

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Acknowledgments

The current work is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China. (No. 51276107), the Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (14ZZ142) and the Ministry of Transport Application Foundation Project (2013319810150).

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  1. Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 201306, People’s Republic of China

    Wei Chen & Ji Wang

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  1. Wei Chen
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  2. Ji Wang
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Correspondence to Wei Chen.

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Chen, W., Wang, J. Experimental analysis of nanofluid pool boiling heat transfer in copper bead packed porous layers. Heat Mass Transfer 53, 877–885 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-016-1854-x

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