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Optimization of a stepped circular pin-fin array to enhance heat transfer performance

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Abstract

A Stepped circular pin-fin array is formulated numerically and optimized with Kriging metamodeling technique to enhance heat transfer performance. The problem is defined by two non-dimensional geometric design variables composed of height of the channel, height of smaller diameter part of the pin-fins, and smaller diameter of the pin-fins, to maximize heat transfer rate compromising with friction loss. Ten designs generated by Latin hypercube sampling were evaluated by three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes solver and the evaluated objectives were used to construct the surrogate model. The predictions of objective function by Kriging model at optimum point show reasonable accuracy in comparison with the values calculated by RANS analysis. Optimum shape of pin-fins strongly depends on the weighting factor which measures importance of the friction loss term in the objective function. The thermal performances are much higher than that of the straight pin-fin at sampling optimum points with different weighting factors.

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Abbreviations

A :

Areas of heat transfer surface

A d, A in :

Areas of heat transfer surface and inlet plane, respectively

c p :

Specific heat

D :

Larger diameter of the pin-fins

D h :

Channel hydraulic diameter

d :

Smaller diameter of the pin-fins

F :

Objective function

f :

Friction factor

f 0 :

Reference friction factor

H :

Height of the channel

h :

Height of smaller diameter part of the pin-fins

k :

Turbulence kinetic energy

N :

Number of design variables

Nu :

Local Nusselt number

Nu 0 :

Reference Nusselt number

Nu a :

Average Nusselt number

\( \overline{Nu} \) :

Endwall area-averaged Nusselt number

p, Δp:

Pressure and pressure drop in a channel, respectively

\( \hat{p} \) :

Periodic component of pressure

Pi :

Pitch

Pr :

Prandtl number

Pr t :

Turbulent Prandtl number

q 0 :

Wall heat flux

Re :

Reynolds number (= u b D h /ν)

S :

Strain rate

T :

Local mean temperature

T w :

Wall temperature

\( \hat{T} \) :

Periodic component of temperature

u b :

Average axial velocity

u i :

Mean velocity components (i = 1, 2, 3)

W :

Cross-streamwise distance between two neighbored pin-fins

x i :

Rectangular coordinates (i = 1, 2, 3) or design variables (Eq. 12)

β :

Weighting factor in objective function in Eq. 10 or model constant in Eq. 6

δ ij :

Kronecker delta (i = 1, 2, 3)

γ :

Pressure gradient in streamwise direction

μ, μ t :

Viscosity and turbulent viscosity, respectively

ν, ν t :

Kinematic viscosity and eddy viscosity, respectively

ρ :

Fluid density

σ :

Increasing rate of bulk temperature in axial direction (Eq. 4) or standard deviation of the population (Eq. 12)

σk, σω :

Turbulence model constants in Eqs. 5 and 6, respectively

ω :

Specific turbulence dissipation rate

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by ‘Multi-Phenomena CFD Engineering Research Center’ grant funded by National Research Foundation of Korea.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, 253 Yonghyun-Dong, Nam-Gu, Incheon, 402-751, Republic of Korea

    Kwang-Yong Kim & Mi-Ae Moon

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  1. Kwang-Yong Kim
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Correspondence to Kwang-Yong Kim.

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Kim, KY., Moon, MA. Optimization of a stepped circular pin-fin array to enhance heat transfer performance. Heat Mass Transfer 46, 63–74 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-009-0544-3

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