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Description of the spawning, embryonic development, and paralarvae of the green octopus Octopus hubbsorum Berry 1953 (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae) under laboratory conditions

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Abstract

To improve early life stage identification of Octopus hubbsorum Berry 1953, embryonic development (stages I-XX), and complete morphological, morphometric, and meristic characters of its first day as a paralarvae are reported. Females were captured in Tenacatita Bay, Jalisco, Mexico (19°16′41.308″ N–104°47′37.046″W) in September 2017 and October 2018 and transferred to the laboratory for subsequent acclimatization and egg laying. For the first time, spawning behavior of the females, the early organogenesis of the species (stages I–XIV), and some of the stages recently observed in Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797 were described in our specimens. Embryonic development lasted 18–22 d (at 28.3 °C mean temperature) giving rise to paralarvae with 1.55 mm mantle length (ML) (preserved paralarvae). Characters reported for the first time in paralarvae of this species are: beak with serrated edges and slightly pigmented, the rest of the beak is translucent; 7–8 gill lamellae in each demibranch; seven radular teeth and two marginal plates; and a chromatophore pattern different from that previously proposed for the same species. The chromatophore patterns identified in the present study are very similar to that proposed for Octopus mimus Gould 1852, in part supporting previously published genetic results indicating that O. hubbsorum and O. mimus should be considered the same species.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

This manuscript is part of the bachelor's thesis of the first author Renato Ulises Montero Ruíz. Authors thanks to all the people involved in this study: the diver Martín Martínez Fonseca of the cooperative "Liberación campesina" for his technical help in the capture of the specimens; to M.S. Arnulfo Hernández, Dr. Víctor Hugo Galván Piña and Dr. María del Carmen Franco-Gordo that provided material support during the laboratory experiment; and to the team of students of the Marine Biology program of Centro Universitario de la Costa Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara: Fernando Vizuet Santiago, Pastora Contreras Medellín López, Carlos Rodríguez González, Diego González Sahagún, Alejandro Hernández García, Mauricio Razo López, Arturo Bocanegra Martínez, Cecilia Munguía Estrada and Tzunaly Reyes Granillo who assisted us unconditionally. The feedback from anonymous reviewers was appreciated and greatly improved earlier versions of the manuscript.

Funding

This work was supported by the Departamento de Estudios para el Desarrollo Sustentable de Zonas Costeras, Universidad de Guadalajara.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Estudios para el Desarrollo Sustentable de Zonas Costeras, Universidad de Guadalajara, Gómez Farías 82, San Patricio de Melaque, 48980, Jalisco, Mexico

    Renato U. Montero-Ruíz, Alejandra Valdez-Cibrián & Eva R. Kozak

  2. Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Departamento de Plancton y Ecología Marina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, La Paz, 23096, Baja California Sur, Mexico

    Roxana De Silva-Dávila

  3. Instituto Nacional de Pesca y Acuacultura, Playa Ventanas S/N Manzanillo, 28806, Colima, Mexico

    Carlos Alberto Amezcua-Gómez

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  1. Renato U. Montero-Ruíz
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  2. Roxana De Silva-Dávila
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  3. Carlos Alberto Amezcua-Gómez
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  4. Alejandra Valdez-Cibrián
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  5. Eva R. Kozak
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Contributions

Design of the experiment, laboratory preparation, maintenance of females in laboratory RUM-R and CAA-G. Specimen collection was performed by CAA-G and RUM-R. Data acquisition and analysis were performed by RUM-R, AV-C and ERK. RDS-D verified and supervised the description of the embryonic developmental stages, paralarvae morphology and chromatophore patterns, and embryonic and radulae images. The first draft of the manuscript was written by RUM-R and all authors commented and edited critically previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Eva R. Kozak.

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All authors included in this study declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

Specimens were taken from the commercial extraction activity with permits for waters under federal jurisdiction on the coast of Jalisco (11401787315), Registro Nacional de Pesca y Acuacultura (RNPA). Care and experimental use of organisms for the study have been followed according to Fiorito et al. (2015) guidelines.

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Montero-Ruíz, R.U., De Silva-Dávila, R., Amezcua-Gómez, C.A. et al. Description of the spawning, embryonic development, and paralarvae of the green octopus Octopus hubbsorum Berry 1953 (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae) under laboratory conditions. Mar Biol 170, 116 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-023-04260-x

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