Abstract
The maintenance of species boundaries when opportunities for admixture are abundant, is a poorly understood phenomenon for many taxa. While many mechanisms for maintaining species boundaries have been described their relative importance depends largely on the particulars of the system in question. Aggregating social behavior can be a means to keep sympatric sister species distinct if it leads to segregation during reproduction. The widespread Caribbean reef gobies Coryphopterus personatus and C. hyalinus are sympatric sister species with nearly identical morphology that spend their entire adult lives in shoals in which reproduction occurs. To date no studies have investigated whether shoals are species-specific, which would be expected if aggregating behavior helps to maintain species boundaries. To address this, the species of individual fishes collected from 16 shoals were identified using morphology, mitochondrial sequence data, and microsatellite allele frequencies. Levels of admixture between the species were also assessed. Shoals were generally composed of both species in similar proportions to their relative abundances on the reef, where the shoals were found, indicating that the species are not behaviorally segregating. For most specimens, morphological, mitochondrial, and nuclear data were congruent with a single species, but 18 individuals showed disagreements with microsatellite genotypes of 16 suggesting some level of historic/contemporary admixture. Of these, two were identified as likely first- or second-generation hybrids or backcrosses. Despite co-occurrence and evidence of some gene flow, the two species show little admixture overall suggesting that microscale differences in breeding site selection, allochrony, and/or cryptic mate choice may play an important role in the maintenance of species boundaries despite cooccurrence well within the range typically thought of as sympatry.
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All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article [and its supplementary information files], CO1 Sequence data available at NCBI Genbank Accession Numbers: MT784949—MT785286.
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References
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Acknowledgements
This research would not have been possible without the field assistance of Emily Anderson and Alan Downey-Wall. Field logistics were provided by the University of Belize Calabash Caye Field Station. We would also like to thank Sharon Magnuson and Christopher Bird for their helpful comments and suggestions on the manuscript. We would like to thank funding sources: the Carl R. Beaver Memorial Scholarship, the Karen Koester Dodson Memorial Fund Grant, and Grants-in-Aid of Graduate Student Research Award by Texas Sea Grant College Program awarded to JDS, the Texas Research Development Fund award to JDH and funds provided by TAMUCC to JDH.
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The Carl R. Beaver Memorial Scholarship, the Karen Koester Dodson Memorial Fund Grant, and Grants-in-Aid of Graduate Student Research Award by Texas Sea Grant College Program awarded to JDS and the Texas Research Development Fund award to JDH and funds provided by TAMUCC to JDH.
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All authors contributed to study conception and design. Data collection and analysis were performed by JDS and EPH. The first draft of the manuscript was written by JDS with all authors commenting on subsequent versions. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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All collections were performed in accordance with the ethical guidelines of Texas A&M University—Corpus Christi (TAMUCC-AUP-05-14) and in compliance with standards outlined in the US National Research Council's Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. Collections were made with the express permission of the government of Belize (Aquatic Scientific Research Permit 000044-13).
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Selwyn, J.D., Hunt, E.P., Portnoy, D.S. et al. Maintenance of species boundaries within social aggregations of ecologically similar goby sister species. Mar Biol 169, 32 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-022-04018-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-022-04018-x